Evaluation tools of the characteristics of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: A literature review

Gamvrouli, Maria; Gamvrouli, Iro; Triantafyllou, Christos

doi:10.22365/jpsych.2021.034

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The commission errors of IVA-CPT reflected the inhibition ability of impulse. The subjects had to suppress impulses instead of making mistakes when they received the visual and audiovisual combination stimuli ( 44 , 45 , 48 ). Therefore, it showed that real HD-tDCS can improve the inhibitory control of the subjects in addition to improving attention maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A randomized, sham-controlled trial of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the right orbital frontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Wang

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the clinical and cognitive effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsA total of 56 patients with ADHD were recruited as subjects and completely and randomly divided into the HD-tDCS group and the Sham group. A 1.0 mA anode current was applied to the right OFC. The HD-tDCS group received real stimulation, while the Sham group received sham stimulation in 10 sessions of treatment. ADHD symptom assessment (the SNAP-IV Rating Scale and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire) was carried out before treatment, after the 5th and 10th stimuli, and at the 6th week after the end of all stimulations, while the cognitive effect was assessed by the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), the Stroop Color and Word Test (Stroop), and the Tower of Hanoi (TOH). Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to find out the results of both groups before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 47 patients completed all sessions and evaluations. Their SNAP-IV score, their PSQ score, the mean visual and auditory reaction times by IVA-CPT, the interference RT of Stroop Color and Word, and the number of completed steps of TOH did not change with intervention time before and after treatment (P > 0.0031). However, the integrated visual and audiovisual commission errors and the TOH completion time results of the HD-tDCS group were significantly decreased after the 5th intervention, the 10th intervention, and the 6th week of intervention follow-up compared to the Sham group (P < 0.0031).ConclusionThis study draws cautious conclusions that HD-tDCS does not significantly alleviate the overall symptoms of patients with ADHD but leads to significant improvements in the cognitive measures of attention maintenance. The study also attempted to fill in the gaps in research studies on HD-tDCS stimulation of the right OFC.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2200062616.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IVA + CPT is a valuable tool for assessing ADHD ( 44 , 45 ). The first part of the test is the Visual Attention Test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, sham-controlled trial of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the right orbital frontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Wang

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…An important lesson which could be learnt of identifying, assessing and treating individuals with ADHD from early developmental stages is that it will serve for implementing future measures which will be useful when those individuals become adults diagnosed with this chronic disorder (Koumoula, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in the identification, assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD

Francisco¹

2023

AMC

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Many studies into Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have documented that this neurodevelopment disorder may be under-identified. Early diagnosis of children and adolescents with ADHD is important, and consequently school-based interventions represent an essential tool for work in this area. To identify issues in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD, is reviewed here research findings which could lead to significantly better outcomes for children and adolescents with ADHD. Accordingly, we briefly review studies retrieved in a MEDLINE search, using the terms “ADHD”, “identification”, prevalence”, “assessment”, “treatment”, “learning disabilities” and “ADHD” and “comorbidity” combined, as these pinpoint diagnosis, for the years 2009 to 2022. In this respect, the literature reviewed suggests that multiple aspects associated with psychometric features, as well as clinical and/or pharmacological factors should be considered of highly clinical significance in identifying, assessing and treating individuals diagnosed with ADHD. For this reason, it is important to investigate about difficulties immersed in identifying, assessing and treating to children and adolescents with ADHD in different settings.

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Association between ADHD and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Aim To conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis assessing whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disorders of the eye, and/or altered measures of visual function. Method Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021256352), we searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge/Science, Ovid Medline, Embase and APA PsycINFO up to 16th November 2021, with no language/type of document restrictions. We included observational studies reporting at least one measure of vision in people of any age meeting DSM/ICD criteria for ADHD and in people without ADHD; or the prevalence of ADHD in people with and without vision disorders. Study quality was assessed with the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). Random effects meta-analyses were used for data synthesis. Results We included 42 studies in the narrative synthesis and 35 studies in the meta-analyses (3,250,905 participants). We found meta-analytic evidence of increased risk of astigmatism (OR = 1.79 [CI: 1.50, 2.14]), hyperopia and hypermetropia (OR = 1.79 [CI: 1.66, 1.94]), strabismus (OR = 1.93 [CI: 1.75, 2.12]), unspecified vision problems (OR = 1.94 [CI: 1.38, 2.73]) and reduced near point of convergence (OR = 5.02 [CI: 1.78, 14.11]); increased lag (Hedge’s g = 0.63 [CI: 0.30, 0.96]) and variability (Hedge’s g = 0.40 [CI: 0.17, 0.64]) of the accommodative response; and increased self-reported vision problems (Hedge’s g = 0.63 [CI: 0.44, 0.82]) in people with ADHD compared to those without ADHD (with no significant heterogeneity). We also found meta-analytic evidence of no differences between people with and without ADHD on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Hedge’s g = −0.19 [CI: −0.41, 0.02]) and refractive error (Hedge’s g = 0.08 [CI: −0.26, 0.42]) (with no significant heterogeneity). Discussion ADHD is associated with some self-reported and objectively ascertained functional vision problems, but not with structural alterations of the eye. Further studies should clarify the causal relationship, if any, between ADHD and problems of vision. Trial registration PROSPERO registration: CRD42021256352.

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Evaluation tools of the characteristics of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: A literature review

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A randomized, sham-controlled trial of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the right orbital frontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A randomized, sham-controlled trial of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on the right orbital frontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Issues in the identification, assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD

Association between ADHD and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis

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