Evaluation Research on Planning Implementation of Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones along the Belt and Road: Evidence from Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam

Abstract

Chinese Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (COCZs) under the “One Belt and One Road” initiative are committed to promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, becoming an important platform for the countries and regions where they are located to achieve the sustainable development goals of the 2030 agenda. The planning of COCZs plays a strategic leading and rigid control role in the sustainable development of parks, and the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation has been a key to the sustainable development of COCZs. From the perspective of sustainable development, we established a rating system depending on the deconstruction “effectiveness = efficiency + effect + benefit + capacity” to measure the planning implementation effectiveness evaluation indexes of COCZs, and conducted empirical research based on the evidence of Longjiang Industrial Park, Vietnam. The research results show that Longjiang Industrial Park has a good planning implementation effectiveness with remarkable comprehensive economic, social, ecological and political benefits. It features a good efficiency, effect and benefit from an excellent production capacity, reflected in the consistency between spatial planning and implementation results and a high satisfaction with planning implementation. However, planning implementation is also faced with problems such as the lag of time, imbalance between profit and loss, uneven achievement of goals, and lack of a refined planning control system. To make COCZs more sustainable in development and planning, the suggestion is, on the one hand, to accelerate the establishment of a regular and institutionalized mechanism for the planning preparation and implementation evaluation of COCZs, and bring sustainable development into the management requirements, and, on the other hand, to promote the transformation of COCZs planning from “Function and Scale Orientation” to “Quality and Effectiveness Orientation”, and guide the creation of a model for sustainable development and the planning of COCZs.

Evaluation of the industrial cooperation of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area: Based on the Origin-Destination pairs of industrial parks and coupling model efficiency

“…Decision makers are inclined to establish industrial parks to provide a conducive environment for enterprise operations, leveraging the advantages of specialized labor markets, interrelated enterprises, and knowledge spillover effects [ 73 ]. Industrial parks, with their rapid growth worldwide, are often considered a driving force for regional development [ 24 – 26 ] and create specialized labor markets that support the production and operation of similar enterprises, leading to the agglomeration of similar businesses and the formation of connections between upstream and downstream enterprises, resulting in economies of scale [ 27 ]. The interconnection between industrial parks is also regarded as an important tool to assess regional cooperation [ 30 – 33 ].…”

“…effects [73]. Industrial parks, with their rapid growth worldwide, are often considered a driving force for regional development [24][25][26] and create specialized labor markets that support the production and operation of similar enterprises, leading to the agglomeration of similar businesses and the formation of connections between upstream and downstream enterprises, resulting in economies of scale [27]. The interconnection between industrial parks is also regarded as an important tool to assess regional cooperation [30][31][32][33].…”

“…With a permanent population of 86.1719 million as of December 2020, the GBA is a crucial region for the development of regional cooperation and industrial planning (The Outline of the Development Plan for the GBA). Industrial parks play a significant role as physical hubs for industry development and key nodes within the network of industrial collaboration [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The connections between industrial parks are essential for evaluating regional cooperation, reflecting the characteristics of the industrial spatial structure and calculating the intensity of industrial spatial distribution [30][31][32][33].…”

Research on the Impact of the Construction of Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones on the Innovation Level of Countries along the “the Belt and Road”

“…Referring to the existing research [4], this paper selects the urbanization rate of the host country(ubr), the proportion of Internet users(inp), air passenger volume(lnarp) and the proportion of government fiscal expenditure(gof) as control variables.…”

Empirical Research on The Impact of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones on the Development of Host Countries in the Global Value Chain

“…As a matter of fact, 70% of COCZs located in the Belt and Road countries, by creating comprehensive industrial parks dominated by the leading industries of the host country with an operation mode integrating R&D, production, processing, transportation, sales, and services, have carried out the initiative of achieving mutual beneficial cooperation. Compared with the traditional bilateral trade and investment agreements, COCZs are more representative in exploiting the advantages of the location and resources of host countries and promoting the formation of sustainable industrial systems [4][5][6]. On the one hand, COCZs are usually led by Chinese and host governments or leading enterprises of industries, in the form of "special zones", they provide direct institutional guarantee for enterprises to settle in and to carry out investment and production activities, and help the enterprises to adapt to the complex business environment of host countries and to reduce the costs [7].…”