Evaluation on speciation and removal efficiencies of mercury from municipal solid waste incinerators in Taiwan

Chang, Moo Been; Wu, Hsiu Tung; Huang, Chien Kun

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00456-8

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In fact, mercury is the most volatile species among various trace metals, and major portions of it can pass through an existing air pollution control system (APCS) unless it is adsorbed onto particulate matter (PM) and collected or removed by PM control devices (Klein et al, 1975). Several methods of controlling mercury emissions are either in commercial use or under development for MWCs and MWIs (Brna and Kilgroe, 1990;Chang et al, 2000). Dry sorbent injection (DSI) of activated carbon followed by fabric filtration (FF) has shown consistently high (Ͼ90%) mercury removal in MWC applications (Brna and Kilgroe, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spray drying (SD) followed by FFs and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and two-stage acid gas wet scrubbers (WS) have also been found to remove substantial (60-90%) amounts of mercury in MWCs (Brna and Kilgroe, 1990). However, a recent study conducted by Chang et al (2000) in two MWCs in Taiwan indicated a substantially lower removal of mercury. In this study, unit A, equipped with dry sorbent injection (DSI, lime injection) followed by FF, showed a mercury removal of 30%, and unit B, equipped with ESP/WS, exhibited a mercury removal of 45%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Ghorishi

Lee

Jozewicz

et al. 2005

Environmental Engineering Science

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Understanding the transformation of mercury species (elemental and oxidized forms) in stationary combustion sources is of interest to both those responsible for developing control technologies and those responsible for setting regulations. Elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) poses a challenging flue gas control issue, and oxidized forms of mercury (Hg 2ϩ ) are of concern due to local deposition potential. In a previous study, mercury speciation, or more specifically oxidation of Hg 0 , was studied in simulated flue gases and in the presence of three-component model fly ashes. Gas-phase studies indicated that oxidation of Hg 0 in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) is rather slow, and proceeds at measurable rates only at temperatures Ͼ700 °C and HCl concentrations in the range of 100-200 ppm. The effect of fly ash composition was investigated using a fixed-bed reactor containing different synthetic model fly ash components such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), copper oxide (CuO), and calcium oxide (CaO). Transition metal oxides, CuO and Fe 2 O 3 , exhibited significant catalytic activity in the surface-mediated oxidation of Hg 0 in the presence of HCl. The observed Hg 0 oxidation activities of the two oxides are possibly caused by the Deacon process in which chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) is produced via catalytic oxidation of HCl over these two oxides. In the present follow-up study, the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) to HCl ratio on Hg 0 oxidation was investigated. The addition of SO 2 to the moist flue gas at high SO 2 :HCl ratios (10:1 to 4:1) caused a decrease in oxidation of Hg 0 . This is attributed to a scavenging effect of SO 2 and H 2 O on Cl 2 . Addition of CaO to the synthetic fly ashes also caused a drop in Hg 0 oxidation. It is possible that due to the partial removal of HCl by reaction with CaO less HCl is available for the catalytic Deacon reaction. The Hg 0 oxidation activity of a cement kiln dust (CKD) sample collected from a full-scale hazardous waste incinerator was also studied. Qualitatively, it exhibited Hg 0 oxidation catalytic behavior sim-221

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Ghorishi

Lee

Jozewicz

et al. 2005

Environmental Engineering Science

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“…Homogeneous nucleation results in the formation of small particles (<1 µm) from the gas phase, while ash formation yields large particles resulting in an enrichment of metals. These two mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) formation operate concurrently, and the rates of the reactions are related to the boiling points of the heavy metals, the combustion temperature and the amounts of chloride and sulphur in MW (Wichmann et al, 2000;Bakoglu et al, 2003;Chang et al, 2000;Yuan, 2005).…”

Section: Flue Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of heavy metals in the Istac medical waste incinerator

Alp¹,

Hanedar

Avşar³

et al. 2013

Global NEST Journal

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This study investigates the partition of heavy metals in slag from the rotary kiln (SL), second combustion chamber ashes (SCCA), filter cake (FC) from a bag filter and flue gas (FG) emissions (both in particulate and gas phases) of the Istanbul medical waste incinerator (ISTAC). Eleven targeted heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Tl) in four matrices were analysed for eight different date samples in 2008. The results obtained were evaluated according to the metal species, furnace temperatures and other factors that affect the formation and accumulation of the metals in the incineration cycle. According to the results, combustion temperatures, reactor configuration and waste contents are the dominant parameters determining the volatility and partitioning of metals in the combustion systems. The biggest waste portions were obtained for the SL and the dominant metal species for the SL and SCCA were Cu (505,9±99,3 and 697,4±577,7 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA respectively) and Mn (238,0±154,6 and 199,9±180,4 mg per kg dry mass for SL and SCCA respectively) . In the FC, the dominant species was Cu (166,8±128,1 mg per kg dry mass) and this was followed by Mn, Ni and Hg. It is thought that cement and activated lignite, which were added to the process as adsorbent materials, were affecting the contents of the FC. Metals were divided into particulate and gas phases and maximum concentrations were observed for Ni, Mn and Cr in a particulate phase of FG. Emission factors were considered and mass balance calculations for metals were also conducted in the study.

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“…injection with FF as the main control technology for mercury removal. 3,8,11,12 The effectiveness of PAC injection in removing vapor-phase mercury depends on the types and composition of burned materials, flue gas composition and temperature, mercury speciation, PAC properties and injection rate, and operating conditions. 13 Moreover, activated carbon impregnated with sulfur is considered as an alternative adsorbent for raising the removal efficiency of vapor-phase mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adsorptive Capacity of Vapor-Phase Mercury Chloride onto Powdered Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Tires

Lin

Yuan

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Injection of powdered activated carbon (PAC) upstream of particulate removal devices (such as electrostatic precipitator and baghouses) has been used effectively to remove hazardous air pollutants, particularly mercurycontaining pollutants, emitted from combustors and incinerators. Compared with commercial PACs (CPACs), an alternative PAC derived from waste tires (WPAC) was prepared for this study. The equilibrium adsorptive capacity of mercury chloride (HgCl 2 ) vapor onto the WPAC was further evaluated with a self-designed bench-scale adsorption column system. The adsorption temperatures investigated in the adsorption column were controlled at 25 and 150°C. The superficial velocity and residence time of the flow were 0.01 m/sec and 4 sec, respectively. The adsorption column tests were run under nitrogen gas flow. Experimental results showed that WPAC with higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area could adsorb more HgCl 2 at room temperature. The equilibrium adsorptive capacity of HgCl 2 for WPAC measured in this study was 1.49 ϫ 10 Ϫ1 mg HgCl 2 /g PAC at 25°C with an initial HgCl 2 concentration of 25 g/m 3 . With the increase of adsorption temperature Յ150°C, the equilibrium adsorptive capacity of HgCl 2 for WPAC was decreased to 1.34 ϫ 10 Ϫ1 mg HgCl 2 /g PAC. Furthermore, WPAC with higher sulfur contents could adsorb even more HgCl 2 because of the reactions between sulfur and Hg 2ϩ at 150°C. It was demonstrated that the mechanisms for adsorbing HgCl 2 onto WPAC were physical adsorption and chemisorption at 25 and 150°C, respectively. Experimental results also indicated that the apparent overall driving force model appeared to have the good correlation with correlation coefficients (r) Ͼ0.998 for HgCl 2 adsorption at 25 and 150°C. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorptive capacity of HgCl 2 for virgin WPAC was similar to that for CPAC at 25°C, whereas it was slightly higher for sulfurized WPAC than for CPAC at 150°C.

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Evaluation on speciation and removal efficiencies of mercury from municipal solid waste incinerators in Taiwan

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Partitioning of heavy metals in the Istac medical waste incinerator

The Adsorptive Capacity of Vapor-Phase Mercury Chloride onto Powdered Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Tires

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Evaluation on speciation and removal efficiencies of mercury from municipal solid waste incinerators in Taiwan

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO2 Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO2 Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Partitioning of heavy metals in the Istac medical waste incinerator

The Adsorptive Capacity of Vapor-Phase Mercury Chloride onto Powdered Activated Carbon Derived from Waste Tires

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Product

Resources

About

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion

Effects of Fly Ash Transition Metal Content and Flue Gas HCl/SO₂ Ratio on Mercury Speciation in Waste Combustion