Evaluation of β-cyclodextrin against natural infections of cryptosporidiosis in calves

Castro‐Hermida, J. A.; González-Losada, Yolanda A.; Freire-Santos, F; Mezo, Mercedes; Ares-Mazás, Elvira

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00505-2

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Furthermore, the drug should have a better margin of safety as some effective drugs such as lasalocid (Benson et al 1998) can easily harm the animals as a result of overdosing. In our study, infected calves in all groups had faecal oocyst scores of 3.16 ± 0.739 prior to treatment, which is comparable to the results of Castro-Hermida et al (2001), who reported 3 ± 0.8. In addition to common fluid therapy, we administered toltrazuril that has been used for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as neosporosis and coccidiosis, caused by other apicomplexan parasites (Gottstein et al 2001;Cuteri et al 2005;Epe et al 2005;Mundt et al 2005;Ocal et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

Yağci¹,

Öcal²,

Duru³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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Cryptosporidium spp. are important emerging pathogens that can cause infections in humans, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Treatment of diseased calves that shed the infectious stage of the protozoon is critically important to prevent contamination by Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril provides a better treatment option for calf cryptosporidiosis compared to the use of either agent alone. A total of 55 Holstein calves with cryptosporidiosis were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received azithromycin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day per os for six days, group T (n = 15) received toltrazuril at a dose of 20 mg/kg per os every other day on a total of three occasions, and group AT (n = 15) received the combination of both drugs. The control group (n = 10) received purified water. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study was designed. The number of oocysts in faeces and clinical parameters were followed daily. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The calves receiving the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril exhibited a better clinical score as well as the lowest number of oocysts at all time-points. In conclusion, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril promotes rapid clinical recovery in calves infected with cryptosporidiosis and stops oocyst shedding. Thus, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril is an effective alternative treatment option for calf cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

Yağci¹,

Öcal²,

Duru³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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“…After showing some unexpected activity against C. parvum experimental infection in mice, β-cyclodextrin has been tested for both prophylactic as well as therapeutic efficacy against cryptosporidiosis in young ruminants with results showing that the preventive effect is greater than the curative one. While β-cyclodextrin showed partial efficacy in reducing diarrhea and oocyst shedding in naturally infected calves ( Castro-Hermida et al., 2001a ), this drug reduced mortality and produced an even better clinical and parasitological response in infected lambs under field conditions ( Castro-Hermida et al., 2001b ). Another drug of this class, α-cyclodextrin was tested for prophylactic effectiveness in experimentally infected neonatal kids and showed some reduction in the intensity of infection and oocyst shedding, but almost half treated kids died probably due to drug-related side effects ( Castro-Hermida et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Treatment Options In Humans and Animals: The Past And Curren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, current, and potential treatments for cryptosporidiosis in humans and farm animals: A comprehensive review

Khan

Witola

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium is among the leading causes of waterborne diarrheal disease outbreaks throughout the world. The parasite is transmitted by ingestion of infective oocysts that are highly stable in the environment and resistant to almost all conventional disinfection methods and water treatments. Control of the parasite infection is exceedingly difficult due to the excretion of large numbers of oocysts in the feces of infected individuals that contaminate the environment and serve as a source of infection for susceptible hosts including humans and animals. Drug development against the parasite is challenging owing to its limited genetic tractability, absence of conventional drug targets, unique intracellular location within the host, and the paucity of robust cell culture platforms for continuous parasite propagation. Despite the high prevalence of the parasite, the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment of Cryptosporidium infections is nitazoxanide, which has shown moderate efficacy in immunocompetent patients. More importantly, no effective therapeutic drugs are available for treating severe, potentially life-threatening cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients, young children, and neonatal livestock. Thus, safe, inexpensive, and efficacious drugs are urgently required to reduce the ever-increasing global cryptosporidiosis burden especially in low-resource countries. Several compounds have been tested for both in vitro and in vivo efficacy against the disease. However, to date, only a few experimental compounds have been subjected to clinical trials in natural hosts, and among those none have proven efficacious. This review provides an overview of the past and present anti-Cryptosporidium pharmacotherapy in humans and agricultural animals. Herein, we also highlight the progress made in the field over the last few years and discuss the different strategies employed for discovery and development of effective prospective treatments for cryptosporidiosis.

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“…Other drugs that have also reduced the excreted number of oocysts [40] are: paramomycin, (an aminoglycoside broad-spectrum antibiotic, poorly absorbed in the gut, remaining active in the lumen [97]), metronidazole (a nitroimidazole used against giardiasis [95]), benzoxaborole (a synthetic boronheterocyclic compound that inhibits essential enzymes, used an antimalarial) and occidiofungin (a broad-spectrum glycolipopeptide with antifungal activity) [98,99]. Nitazoxanide (nitratiazole benzamide derivative, licensed in humans as treatment for cryptosporidiosis [95]), beta-cyclodextrin (a cyclic oligosaccharide made up of glucose residues [100], used as pharmaceutical excipient [101]) as well as colostrum preparations, probiotics and decoquinate (coccidiostat quinolone derivative [102]) have also been used [103]. Therefore, the following sanitary and breeding recommendations are essential: sectioning of age groups, assurance of sufficient colostrum supply and intake, isolation of sick animals from the healthy ones, avoiding over-population, cleanliness and dryness of the environment, disinfection of premises and daily cleaning of equipment [93].…”

Section: Prevention Control and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep Welfare

Fresán¹,

Pliego²

2022

Sheep Farming - Herds Husbandry, Management System, Reproduction and Improvement of Animal Health

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Welfare in animal production has been defined as the optimal mental and physiological state of the animals. It has been recently redefined according to animals’ freedoms. As systems, individual sheep and herds are dynamic with constant interaction with each other and the environment. In this interaction, diseases play a fundamental role in welfare. Parasitism is common in sheep, and several management practices have been established to maintain the herds healthy. Cryptosporidium represents a special case, because it is a highly resistant environmental parasite, that can easily infect lambs, producing weakening diarrheas and even death. In this chapter, the role of cryptosporidiosis in sheep welfare and economic loss will be analyzed, as means of providing information on how to minimize and deal with the infection.

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Evaluation of β-cyclodextrin against natural infections of cryptosporidiosis in calves

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial

Past, current, and potential treatments for cryptosporidiosis in humans and farm animals: A comprehensive review

The Role of Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep Welfare

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