Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surface properties of finger-jointed acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Slabohm, Maik; Stolze, Hannes; Militz, Holger

doi:10.1007/s00107-023-01970-3

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Acetylated specimens bonded with PUR and PRF showed best bonding performance. This is in line with other studies on bonding acetylated wood 14 , 16 , 17 , 36 , 45 . These acetylated specimens outperformed untreated references, particularly after the water treatment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…5 ). The topography of acetylated LVL appears to have only minor differences compared to untreated LVL, which agrees with another study on freshly cut acetylated finger-joints 16 . Similar to the other study, the surface was slightly smoother (Sa, Sz, Sq, Sp acetylated < Sa, Sz, Sq, Sp untreated ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The contact angle (CA) was measured using an automatic device (Mobile Surface Analyzer Flexible Liquid, Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) and measurements were conducted as in Slabohm et al[ 16 ]. However, a droplet of 1 µl HPLC grade water was placed on the surface instead of adhesives.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface roughness was measured as described in Slabohm et al 16 . A laser-scanning-microscope (LSM) (VK-X110, control unit: VK-X100, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) was utilized to compute various roughness parameters based on EN ISO 25178-1 22 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is previous research on the primary bonding of acetylated beech LVL, which involves bonding at high temperature 13 – 15 , less has been conducted on bonding acetylated LVL at room temperature. Most recent research has focused on the lengthwise connection of acetylated beech LVL using similar adhesives 16 . However, more research is needed to understand the surface bonding at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Slabohm,

Militz

2024

Sci Rep

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Acetylation of wood with acetic anhydride reduces the wood–moisture interaction, improves the dimensional stability and resistance against biodegradation. However, the adhesive bonding is affected by the modification, which is crucial to manufacture engineered wood products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In this study we report the bonding of 8-layered acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL boards to 2-layered LVL beams. The beams were glued together at room temperature adding three common load-bearing construction adhesives: melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The bonding performance was tested by assessing its dry and wet tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WF). Also evaluated were the material's density and moisture content (MC). The surface was characterized prior to bonding by its pH, roughness, and contact angle (CA). The adhesive penetration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Aside from MUF, applying PRF and PUR adhesives achieved good bonding performance on acetylated LVL and references. Acetylated LVL displayed a more hydrophobic behaviour, a higher pH, a somewhat smoother surface, and an increased density.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Slabohm,

Militz

2024

Sci Rep

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Bonding strength between spruce glulam and birch plywood at different load-to-plywood face grain angles

Wang,

Debertolis

et al. 2024

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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There is growing interest recently in reducing the usage of metals in timber structures. Birch plywood possesses satisfactory mechanical properties compared to other wood-based panels and is promising to be utilized in timber connections as a substitute for the more conventional slotted-in metal plate. There are essentially two possibilities to connect plywood plates and other timber elements by means of either mechanical connections or adhesively bonded connections. Despite the more commonly adopted mechanical connections in current timber structures, the adhesively bonded connections hold the distinct advantages of being more cost-effective, stiffer, and with a lower risk of moisture penetration in the timber elements. When employing birch plywood in timber structure applications such as trusses and frame corners, stresses from different directions need to be transmitted by the plywood gusset plate. However, it is still uncertain how the bonding strength is affected by different loading angles to the face grain. This research question, specifically concerning the bonding strength between birch plywood and spruce glulam, has been addressed in this paper. It was found that the bonding strength varies within a relatively small range when the load-to-plywood face grain angle varies from 0° to 90°, which is promising for the development of adhesively bonded joints. Failure mainly occurred in glulam at 0° and 15°; while at other angles, a mixture of cohesive failure in glulam and plywood face veneer was dominant. The weak angle-dependence of the bonding strength can be explained by further checking the shear strength of the weaker wood adherends between glulam and plywood. A strong positive correlation was observed between bonding strength and the wood shear strength.

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Melamine–Urea–Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive Modified with Recycling Lignin: Preparation, Structures and Properties

Liang

et al. 2023

Forests

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The wettability, bonding strength and flexibility of modified melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive with hydroxymethyl lignin (LMUF) were investigated. Moreover, the curing performance, thermal properties and chemical structure of LMUF were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C–NMR). The synthesis mechanism of LMUF was also discussed. The results demonstrated that: (1) LMUF resin is characterized by low free formaldehyde and a short pot life. (2) With the increase in hydroxymethyl lignin, the bonding strength and flexibility of the LMUF increased first and then decreased. They reached their maximum when the hydroxymethyl lignin content was 6%–8%, which represented increases of 36% and 102%, respectively. (3) The DSC and TG analyses showed that the LMUF resin had a high hot-pressing temperature, but its thermostability was increased. (4) The XRD and SEM analyses proved that the LMUF resin was characterized by flexibility failure, especially at 6% of hydroxymethyl lignin. (5) Hydroxymethyl lignin is a type of flexible long-chain molecule, which was introduced into spaces between the rigid triazine rings through adhesion and penetration, thus improving the regular single structural form of MUF resin and increasing the compactness of the system. As a result, the resin had stronger deformability and cohesion in the molecules. The bonding strength and flexibility were improved to different degrees.

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Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surface properties of finger-jointed acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber

Bonding strength between spruce glulam and birch plywood at different load-to-plywood face grain angles

Melamine–Urea–Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive Modified with Recycling Lignin: Preparation, Structures and Properties

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