Evaluation of Water Quality Indices Adequacy in Characterizing the Physico-Chemical Water Quality of Lakes

Trikoilidou, Eleni; Samiotis, Georgios; Tsikritzis, Lazaros; Kevrekidis, Theodoros; Amanatidou, Elisavet

doi:10.1007/s40710-017-0218-y

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The first reported numerical index, target-specific, was proposed by 10 , to assess pollution reduction programs in rivers. Then, in 1970, emerged other important analytical index for surface water quality evaluation, the WQI-NSF from 11 , which is applied worldwide as originally proposed 12 – 15 , or modified, and renamed before application 16 – 22 , to cite a few. The WQI-NSF was proposed with the support of US National Sanitation Foundation, to express the surface water quality, using nine parameters associated to domestic wastewater pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a groundwater quality index: GWQI, for the aquifers of the state of Bahia, Brazil using multivariable analyses

Filho

Oliveira

2021

Sci Rep

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This work elaborated a groundwater quality index—GWQI, for the aquifers of the state of Bahia, Brazil, using multivariable analyses. Data from 600 wells located in the four hydrogeological domains: sedimentary, crystalline, karstic, and metasedimentary, were subjected to exploratory statistical analysis, and 22 out of 26 parameters were subjected to multivariable analysis using Statistica (Version 7.0). From the PCA, 5 factors were sufficient to participate in the index, due to sufficient explanation of the cumulative variance. The matrix of factorial loads (for 1–5 factors) indicated 9 parameters related to water quality and 4 hydrological, with factor loads above ± 0.50, to be part of the hierarchical cluster analysis. The dendrogram allowed to choose the 5 parameters related to groundwater quality, to participate in the GWQI (hardness, total residue, sulphate, fluoride and iron). From the multivariable analyses, three parameters from a previous index—NGWQI, were not selected for the GWQI: chloride (belongs to the hardness hierarchical group); pH (insignificant factor load); and nitrate (significant factor load only for 6 factors), also, not a regionalized variable. From the set of communality values (5 factors), the degree of relevance of each parameter was extracted. Based on these values, were determined the relative weights (wi) for the parameters. Using similar WQI-NSF formulation, a product of quality grades raised to a power, which is the weight of importance of each variable, the GWQI values were calculated. Spatialization of 1369 GWQI values, with the respective colors, on the map of the state of Bahia, revealed good correlation between the groundwater quality and the index quality classification. According to the literature on water quality indexing, the GWQI developed here, using emerging technologies, is a mathematical tool developed as specific index, as it was derived using limits for drinking water. This new index was tailored to represent the quality of the groundwater of the four hydrogeological domains of the state of Bahia. Although it has a regionalized application, its development, using, factor analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, participates of the new trend for WQI development, which uses rational, rather than subjective assessment. The GWQI is a successful index due to its ability to represent the groundwater quality of the state of Bahia, using a single mathematical formulation, the same five parameters, and unique weight for each parameter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a groundwater quality index: GWQI, for the aquifers of the state of Bahia, Brazil using multivariable analyses

Filho

Oliveira

2021

Sci Rep

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“…A number of studies have reported the use and importance of WQIs in assessing the water quality of lakes around the world (Kukrer and Mutlu 2019; Wang et al 2019;Goher et al 2017;Trikoilidou et al 2017;Alexakis et al 2016;Shizi et al 2016;Kankal et al 2012;Hurley et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

Maansi¹,

Jindal²,

Wats³

2021

Appl Water Sci

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To assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.

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“…Aynı su karakterine ait örneklerde fekal koliform yöntemleri farklı uygulandığında sonuçlarda farklılık göstermektedir [18]. Bazı çalışmalarda, toplam katı madde yerine çözünmüş katı madde veya askıda katı madde parametresi [19,20], bazı çalışmalarda toplam fosfor yerine fosfat parametresi bu modelde kullanılmıştır [21,22]. USV SKİ modeli, normalde modelde olmayan parametreler ya da farklı ölçüm metotları ile ölçülen parametreler kullanılarak modifiye edilebilmektedir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Melendi̇z Nehri̇ Su Kali̇tesi̇ni̇n Farkli Kullanim Amaçlarina Göre Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Baştürk¹,

Alver²

2019

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖZBu çalışmada Aksaray İli Melendiz Nehri'nin su kalitesi, Aralık 2015 ile Kasım 2016 tarihleri arasında 9 örnekleme noktasında izlenilmiş ve analiz sonuçları su kalite indeksleri (SKİ) vasıtasıyla modellenerek farklı kullanım amaçlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Yönetmeliklerimize göre alkalinite, sertlik, renk, klorür, nitrat, fosfat, iletkenlik parametrelerinin içme suyu kalitesi açısından iyi kalitede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun aksine biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, pH, toplam çözünmüş madde, çözünmüş oksijen ve bulanıklık değerlerinin zaman zaman sınır değerleri aştığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca su kaynağında tüm mevsimlerde mikrobiyal kirlenme olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu parametreler açısından su kaynağının konvansiyonel proseslerle arıtımı sonrasında kullanma/içme suyu temini amacıyla kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Fiziko-kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametreler Ulusal Sanitasyon Vakfı ve Dinius Su Kalite İndekslerine göre değerlendirildiğinde ise su kaynağının durumunun "orta (63,834)" ve "kötü (55,223)" seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. SKİ'lere göre su kaynağının mevcut haliyle sulama ve endüstriyel amaçlı olarak, arıtılması sonrasında ise içme suyu olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. ABSTRACTIn this study, the water quality of the Melendiz River in Aksaray Province was monitored at 9 sampling points between December 2015 and November 2016. The analysis results were modeled by using water quality indexes (WOIs) and evaluated according to different usage purposes. In terms of drinking water quality, although alkalinity, hardness, color, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, conductivity parameters were good quality, biological oxygen demand, pH, total dissolved matter, dissolved oxygen and turbidity parameters had sometimes exceeded the national regulation limit values. In addition, microbial contamination was detected in all seasons. The evaluation of the water source, it was concluded that it can be used for supply/drinking water after treatment with conventional processes. According to the National Sanitation Foundation and Dinius WOIs, the water source was "medium (63.834)" and "bad (55.223)" level and so it could be used only irrigation and industrial purposes and also used as drinking water after treatment.

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Evaluation of Water Quality Indices Adequacy in Characterizing the Physico-Chemical Water Quality of Lakes

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Development of a groundwater quality index: GWQI, for the aquifers of the state of Bahia, Brazil using multivariable analyses

Development of a groundwater quality index: GWQI, for the aquifers of the state of Bahia, Brazil using multivariable analyses

Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

Melendi̇z Nehri̇ Su Kali̇tesi̇ni̇n Farkli Kullanim Amaçlarina Göre Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

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