Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India

Avvannavar, Santosh M.; Shrihari, S.

doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9977-7

Cited by 176 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Terrado et al [7] presented a detailed review and classification of WQI methods. More literature on other WQI methods can be found in [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Water Quality Index for Monitoring Malaysian River Water Quality

Naubi¹,

Zardari²,

Shirazi³

et al. 2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

110

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The Skudai River has experienced a general decline in water quality over the last several years due to agricultural practices, economic development, and other human activities in the river catchment. The spatial trend of water quality index (WQI) and its sub-indexes are important for determining the locations of major pollutant sources that contribute to water quality depletion in the Skudai and its tributaries. In this study, we have developed WQI for eight sections of the Skudai watershed. Ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N) was identified as a major pollutant downstream from the Skudai, with the lowest WQI index (i.e. 38). WQI for the Skudai (natural) was 94, i.e., Class I (very clean) category of river water quality. The Senai River has WQI value of 85 and Class II category (slightly polluted). However, the Kempas River, which was in suburban parts of the Skudai watershed, had WQI of 53 (Class III, polluted). The Melana and Danga rivers were also polluted rivers with WQI of 69 and 57, respectively, in Class III (polluted). Overall water quality in the Skudai and its tributaries was downstream of the river. The study also assessed water quality of the Skudai and its tributaries from other water quality parameters such as conductivity, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, total phosphorous, and nitrogen, which were not part of the WQI formula developed by the Department of the Environment (DOE), Malaysia. The study found that Department of Education (DOE) formula for WQI was not effective in water quality assessment as many important parameters such as nutrients, heavy metals, and fecal coliform (or E. Coli) were missing in the WQI formula.

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“…Terrado et al [7] presented a detailed review and classification of WQI methods. More literature on other WQI methods can be found in [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Water Quality Index for Monitoring Malaysian River Water Quality

Naubi¹,

Zardari²,

Shirazi³

et al. 2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

110

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show abstract

“…WQI is an essential parameter for demarcating groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purposes (Tiwari and Mishra 1985;Mishra and Patel 2001;Avvannavar and Shrihari 2008). WQI is defined as a technique of rating that provides the composite influence of individual water quality parameters on the overall quality of water (Mitra and ASABE Member 1998) for human consumption.…”

Section: Groundwater Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of water quality index for groundwater quality evaluation: Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India

Singaraja

2017

Appl Water Sci

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The present hydrogeochemical study was confined to the Thoothukudi District in Tamilnadu, India. A total of 100 representative water samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon and analyzed for the major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium) and anions (chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, fluoride and nitrate) along with various physical and chemical parameters (pH, total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity). Water quality index rating was calculated to quantify the overall water quality for human consumption. The PRM samples exhibit poor quality in greater percentage when compared with POM due to dilution of ions and agricultural impact. The overlay of WQI with chloride and EC corresponds to the same locations indicating the poor quality of groundwater in the study area. Sodium (Na %), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), residual sodium bicarbonate, permeability index (PI), magnesium hazards (MH), Kelly's ratio (KR), potential salinity (PS) and Puri's salt index (PSI) and domestic quality parameters such as total hardness (TH), temporary, permanent hardness and corrosivity ratio (CR) were calculated. The majority of the samples were not suitable for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes in the study area. In this study, the analysis of salinization/ freshening processes was carried out through binary diagrams such as of mole ratios of SO 2À 4 /Cl -and Cl -/EC that clearly classify the sources of seawater intrusion and saltpan contamination. Spatial diagram BEX was used to find whether the aquifer was in the salinization region or in the freshening encroachment region.

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“…pH greater than 8.5 causes bitter taste of water or soda like taste. Eye irritation and exacerbation of skin disorder is also caused when pH is greater than 11 [7]. Highest pH was found in D4 location.…”

Section: Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics Of Damodar Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water Quality Index For Drinking Purposes In The Case of Damodar River, Jharkhand and West Bengal Region, India

Mukherjee¹

2012

J Bioremed Biodeg

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Damodar River is one of the most important fresh water source in Jharkhand and West Bengal. Its water is used for drinking by the growing population and also used in allied Industries situated down the stretch. The water quality is being reducing day by day due to heavy input of sewage and wastes from industrial effluents, cattle stock breeding, irrigation and human activities etc. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess the quality of water in relation to know the pollution load in terms of biological and various physicochemical properties by evaluation of Quality Index (QI). This technique is very useful tool for quick assessment of any water system. The evaluation of five QI parameters has been taken: pH, TDS (total dissolved solid), BOD 5 (biochemical oxygen demand), DO (Dissolved Oxygen) and MPN (Most Probable Number).The study shows that the river water is not potable at maximum sampling stations and are highly fecal contaminated. According to the desirable limit, maximum locations are also not even suitable for taking bath. An attempt has also been made to show how QI is increasing (corresponding to low grade water) with the increasing population. BOD 5 , MPN are interrelated, shown in correlation matrix. Therefore routinely monitoring of the river water becomes essential.

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Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India

Cited by 176 publications

References 3 publications

Effectiveness of Water Quality Index for Monitoring Malaysian River Water Quality

Effectiveness of Water Quality Index for Monitoring Malaysian River Water Quality

Relevance of water quality index for groundwater quality evaluation: Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India

Evaluation of Water Quality Index For Drinking Purposes In The Case of Damodar River, Jharkhand and West Bengal Region, India

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