Evaluation of Waste Mushroom Compost as a Feed Supplement and Its Effects on the Fat Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers

Abstract

Simple Summary: Mushroom waste compost is the main byproduct when cultivating mushrooms. Due to its high mycelium content, mushroom waste compost may improve animal health by increasing antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that supplementing animal diets with fiber could improve body composition and health. The results showed that supplementation with mushroom waste compost accelerates adipolysis and enhances the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Among all treatment groups, broilers given dietary supplementation with 0.5% mushroom waste compost showed improved feed conversion rate and the highest adipose metabolism.Abstract: Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost (PWMC) is the main byproduct when cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Due to the high mycelium levels in PWMC, it may have potential as a feed supplement for broilers. This study investigated the effects of PWMC supplementation on antioxidant capacity and adipose metabolism in broilers. In the study, 240 broilers were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: basal diet (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% PWMC supplementation. Each treatment group had 60 broilers, divided into three replicates. The results showed that supplementation with 0.5% PWMC decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) from 1.36 to 1.28, compared to the control. Supplementation with 0.5% or 2% PWMC decreased glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the control (p < 0.0001), the concentrations of adiponectin and oxytocin increased from 5948 to 5709, 11820, and 7938 ng/ mL; and 259 to 447, 873, and 963 pg/ mL, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 was slightly increased in the 0.5% and 1% PWMC groups. Both interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were significantly decreased, by about three to five times for IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 to 1.6 times for IL-1ß (p = 0.0002). All antioxidant-related mRNA, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD-1), increased significantly following PWMC supplementation. Both claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 increased, especially in the 2% PWMC group. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) significantly increased by about 5, 12, and 11 times in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PWMC groups. All adipolysis-related mRNA were induced in the PWMC treatment groups, further enhancing adipolysis. Overall, 0.5% PWMC supplementation was recommended due to its improving FCR, similar antioxidant capacity, and upregulated adipolysis.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers

“…The starter diet was offered for before 21 days old, and the finisher diet was offered for the broilers older than 22 days. Body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion rate (FCR) were measured at 21 and 35 days [8].…”

“…The blood of forty-five 35-day-old broilers (3 for each pen, 9 for each treatment) was collected for the blood and serum characteristic analysis. The 5 mL blood samples were stored at 4℃ for 4-5 hours and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4℃ to separate the blood cell and serum [8]. Blood cell and serum biochemical parameters were measured by the Automatic Biochemical Analyzer (Hitachi, 7150 auto-analyzer, Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…Because of the fermentation, FWB has more simple sugars, oligosaccharide, enzyme, and inorganic phosphorus content than WB, and these can increase the nutrient absorption of broilers [25]. Furthermore, high fiber content is positively related to intestinal health and will also make the microbiota stable [8]. In the early stage of animal growth, the composition of intestinal flora is important, because microbiota will control the growth and health of animals [8].…”

“…Furthermore, high fiber content is positively related to intestinal health and will also make the microbiota stable [8]. In the early stage of animal growth, the composition of intestinal flora is important, because microbiota will control the growth and health of animals [8]. The 10 % FWB group had higher body weight gain in the starter stage (1-21d) of broilers, and the lower FCR in diets can be seen in the 5% FWB and 10% FWB groups.…”

“…Because fiber is considered to be an anti-nutritional factor, low-fiber diets were typically used when feeding non-ruminant livestock animals in the past [6]. However, fiber content positively correlates with the health of the animal and can regulate microbiota in mice and maintain the thickness of mucosa and decrease inflammatory-related cytokine production [7,8].…”