Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds at Petrochemical Complexes in Iran

Moradpour, Zahra; Shahna, Farshid Ghorbani; Soltanian, Alireza; Hesam, Ghasem

doi:10.5812/jhealthscope.62595

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Workers in their workplace can be potentially exposed to a wide range of harmful occupational factors, including chemicals (dust, gases, and vapors), physical hazards (noise, ionizing radiation, and inappropriate weather conditions), and psychological and ergonomic factors (stress and high mental workload). Exposure to these agents can cause a variety of occupational complications and diseases in workers, such as respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, physiological disorders, and cancers (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters and Renal Function in Iranian Lead Mine Workers

et al. 2020

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Background: Lead toxicity has become a growing health concern in countries such as Iran. However, little information is available on the assessment and evaluation of the health effects of lead exposure in mine workers. Objectives: The present study assessed the occupational exposure to lead and examine the association of blood lead (PbB) levels with hematological and kidney function parameters in mine workers. Methods: In this matched case-control study, the level of PbB was measured in 100 workers (70 exposed and 30 non-exposed), and then its relationship was evaluated with complete blood count (CBC) parameters, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), urea, blood creatinine levels, urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), coproporphyrin, and creatinine levels. Results: The results showed a linear and significant relationship between the PbB level and B-ZPP, U-ALA, U-coproporphyrin, and U-creatinine levels in states of PbB levels > 20 μg/dL in a time and dose-dependent manner. A significant relationship was observed between the PbB level and the years of occupational exposure to lead and the B-urea level (P-value < 0.03). Conclusions: Chronic occupational exposure to lead decreased hematocrit, RDW-CV, MCV, MCH, and HGB values but did not significantly change RBC counts. Therefore, a regular assessment of routine blood parameters (such as CBC and ZPP) and renal function indices can be effectively used to monitor the toxic effects of lead exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters and Renal Function in Iranian Lead Mine Workers

et al. 2020

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“…This retrospective cohort study was counducted in the Iranian petrochemical complex, consisting of 10 re nery and 15 petrochemical plants, in one of the largest industrial sites in the Middle East. Therefore, all workers in this industrial area will, to some extent, experience exposure to toxic chemicals in their work environments (22,23).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re nery workers have been reported to be exposed to toxic gases in the workplace (4,12,22), which has raised attention towards exposure assessment and health effects in this occupational group. However, long-term monitoring of exposure to SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , H 2 S and ammonia (NH 3 ) has, to our knowledge, not been examined in relation to objectively assessed spirometric parameters among petrochemical workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne toxic exposure and pulmonary outcomes among petrochemical complex workers

Jalilian

Mirzaei

khojasteh³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Petrochemical workers are exposed to a variety of airborne toxic compounds which have been associated with increased risk for respiratory outcomes. However, long-term exposure to SO2, NO2, O3, H2S and NH3 in relation to spirometric parameters and self-reported respiratory problems is largely unknown. Methods Airborne concentration levels of SO2, NO2, O3, H2S and NH3 were collected from two fixed stations over a 3-year period in a petrochemical complex. We assessed spirometric parameters and respiratory symptoms in the petrochemical workers (n = 200) and in an unexposed group (n = 200). We calculated β-coefficients (β) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) before and after adjustment for covariates. Results The mean airborne pollution levels were 159 µg/m3 for SO2, 43 µg/m3 for NO2, 66 µg/m3 for O3, 6 µg/m3 for H2S, and 24 µg/m3 for NH3. We found a significant reduction in spirometric parameters among petrochemical workers compared to the unexposed: FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1s) (adjusted β -12; 95%CI -16, -7.64), FEV1/ FVC (forced vital capacity) (β -7.26; 95%CI -9.23, -5.28), and PEF (peak expiratory flow) (β -6.61; 95%CI -12, -0.76). Additionally, we observed higher adjusted risks for any respiratory symptom (OR 4.69; 95%CI 1.76, 12), mucus (OR 4.36; 95%CI 1.70, 11) and shortness of breath (OR 15; 4.95, 46) among petrochemical workers compared to the unexposed group. Conclusions Most measured airborne pollution levels were within the ambient recommendation levels. Still, long-term exposure to low level airborne pollutants, reduced FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEF, and increased respiratory symptoms in Iranian petrochemical workers compared to unexposed controls.

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“…Among VOCs, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) compounds are of the most environmental concern. They are a prerequisite for the formation of photochemical oxidants 8 and linked environmental effects, like formation of the tropospheric ozone, global warming, photochemical smog, and stratospheric ozone depletion 7 . Exposure to VOCs might be harmful to humans as they cause leukemia and adverse effects on the liver, nervous system, heart, and kidneys 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seasonal variations may change concentration patterns and peak time of pollutant occurrence 27 . Also, pollutant concentrations vary regarding the tasks performed by workers in the particular workstations 8 . Based on literature review we found out that majority of the available studies did not consider the impact of seasonal variations and concentration changes of investigated pollutants among various workstations during performing human health risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer and winter variations of BTEX concentrations in an oil refinery complex and health risk assessment based on Monte-Carlo simulations

Khoshakhlagh,

Yazdanirad,

Mousavi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The summer and winter concentrations of BTEX pollutants were investigated in various workplaces of an oil Refinery, Iran. In total 252 air samples from the breathing zones of the following employees were collected: supervisors, safetymen, repairmen, site men, and all workers. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values were calculated based on the USEPA methodology using Monte Carlo simulations. BTEX concentrations were higher in the summer than in the winter season for all workstations, especially for toluene and ethylbenzene. The mean values of exposure to benzene for repairmen and site men were higher than threshold limit value of 1.60 mg/m3 for both seasons. Non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values calculated for summer season for benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in all workstations, as well as for toluene for repairmen and site men exceeded acceptable level of 1. In winter season the mean HQ values for benzene and xylene in all workstations, for toluene for repairmen and site men, and for ethylbenzene for supervisors, repairmen, and site men were also > 1. For all workstations definite carcinogenic risk was indicated as calculated LCR values for benzene and ethylbenzene exposure were higher than 1 × 10–4 in both summer and winter seasons.

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Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds at Petrochemical Complexes in Iran

Abstract: Background: The operation of petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants is associated with the emission of organic compounds into the atmosphere, causing local and regional pollution that is harmful to people's health.

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters and Renal Function in Iranian Lead Mine Workers

Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters and Renal Function in Iranian Lead Mine Workers

Airborne toxic exposure and pulmonary outcomes among petrochemical complex workers

Summer and winter variations of BTEX concentrations in an oil refinery complex and health risk assessment based on Monte-Carlo simulations

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