Evaluation of vitamin B₆intake and status of 20- to 64-year-old Koreans

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESRecent research regarding vitamin B6 status including biochemical index is limited. Thus, this study estimated intakes and major food sources of vitamin B6; determined plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP); and assessed vitamin B6 status of Korean adults.MATERIALS/METHODSThree consecutive 24-h diet recalls and fasting blood samples were collected from healthy 20- to 64-year-old adults (n = 254) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, cities of Kwangju and Gumi, Korea. Vitamin B6 intake and plasma PLP were analyzed by gender and by vitamin B6 supplementation. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine associations of vitamin B6 intake and plasma PLP.RESULTSThe mean dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) vitamin B6 intake was 1.94 ± 0.64 and 2.41 ± 1.45 mg/day, respectively. Median (50th percentile) dietary intake of men and women was 2.062 and 1.706 mg/day. Foods from plant sources provided 70.61% of dietary vitamin B6 intake. Only 6.3% of subjects consumed total vitamin B6 less than Estimated Average Requirements. Plasma PLP concentration of all subjects was 40.03 ± 23.71 nmol/L. The concentration of users of vitamin B6 supplements was significantly higher than that of nonusers (P < 0.001). Approximately 16% of Korean adults had PLP levels < 20 nmol/L, indicating a biochemical deficiency of vitamin B6, while 19.7% had marginal vitamin B6 status. Plasma PLP concentration showed positive correlation with total vitamin B6 intake (r = 0.40984, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSIn this study, vitamin B6 intake of Korean adults was generally adequate. However, one-third of subjects had vitamin B6 deficiency or marginal status. Therefore, in some adults in Korea, consumption of vitamin B6-rich food sources should be encouraged.

Evaluation of Riboflavin Intakes and Status of 20–64-Year-Old Adults in South Korea

“…In raw foods, nutrient contents are changed by food preparation, cooking conditions (e.g., time and temperature), and the addition of different ingredients depending on household preferences. Therefore, riboflavin cooked foods consumed by the subjects might be underestimated [ 37 ]. Three consecutive 24-h recalls were obtained from each subject, which may not be captured as usual intake.…”

Nutrition and Atherosclerosis

“…The most biologically active form of vitamin B 6 is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, which is a cofactor for transaminases, decarboxylase, racemases, and other enzymes used in the metabolic transformations of amino acids and nitrogencontaining compounds (167). Vitamin B 6 is widely distributed in foods from plant and animal origin.…”

Global Concerns with B Vitamin Statuses: Biofortification, Fortification, Hidden Hunger, Interactions, and Toxicity

“…Vitamin B 6 deficiency is a concern in high-income as well as low-income countries. A nationally representative survey found that one-third of South Koreans have marginal or deficient status (Kim & Cho, 2014). It is estimated that approximately 10% to 20% of the U.S. population is at risk for deficiency (Pfeiffer et al, 2013), and 5% to 35% of U.S. adults have PLP below the deficiency cutoff of 20 nmol/L (Bird, Murphy, Ciappio, & McBurney, 2017;Morris, Picciano, Jacques, & Selhub, 2008).…”