Evaluation of viruses and their association with ocular lesions in pinnipeds in rehabilitation

Wright, Erin P.; Waugh, Lynnette F.; Goldstein, Tracey; Freeman, Katie; Kelly, T. Ross; Wheeler, Elizabeth; Smith, Brett; Gulland, Frances M. D.

doi:10.1111/vop.12235

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Sea lion adenoviruses (OtAdV-1, OtAdV-2) were isolated from California sea lions while similar adenoviruses were found in liver samples or faeces from pinnipeds including South African and South American fur seals, a South American sea lion and a Hawaiian monk seal [98,166]. Adenoviruses have also been isolated from northern elephant seals (PhAdV-1), Pacific harbour seal (PhAdV-2), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops adenovirus-1), sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis), bowhead whales, beluga whales, harbour porpoises and polar bears (U. maritimus) [98,126,[164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173]. In otters, canine adenovirus-1 and a novel adenovirus have infected captive Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) and southern sea otters, respectively [100,174].…”

Section: Adenovirusesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

Bossart¹,

Duignan²

2019

CABI Reviews

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Emerging infectious disease has become a serious concern that has consequences for human, animal and environmental health on a global scale. During the past two decades, it has become clear that viruses are emerging in terrestrial environments from the human-animal interface at an unprecedented rate. Thus, the understanding of complex diseases associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens and the creation and execution of strategies to deal with this issue has assumed new public health importance, requiring a One Health approach involving multiple health disciplines. Similar infectious disease trends involving emerging viruses are now being documented in aquatic ecosystems and are impacting marine mammals. As in terrestrial species, emerging viruses in marine mammals may be associated with neoplasia, epizootics and zoonotic disease and involve a complex pathogenesis involving noninfectious cofactors such as anthropogenic toxins, biotoxins, immunologic suppression and other environmental stressors. Among the viruses recently isolated from marine mammals are influenza viruses, morbilliviruses, papillomaviruses, herpesviruses, arboviruses, caliciviruses and others. Many of these emerging marine mammal viruses are associated with disease and specific pathologic findings. In other cases, the disease significance of these novel viruses is unknown and requires further research. In this report, we briefly review emerging viruses that have disease significance for marine mammals and/or public health. Novel concurrent clinicopathologic data will be presented when available broadening the understanding of disease pathogenesis. References will help provide more in-depth information. Additionally, this review has demonstrated that marine mammals may be important sentinel animals that indicate environmental health concerns and parallel emerging public health issues.

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Section: Adenovirusesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

Bossart¹,

Duignan²

2019

CABI Reviews

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“…For example, virus infections of pinnipeds (seals) lead to the formation of cutaneous and occasionally oral nodules, and the responsible poxvirus almost always has the morphological characteristics of the Parapoxvirus genus [ 45 , 46 ]. Species in this genus cause proliferative skin diseases in marine animals and humans [ 47 ]. Thus, our identification of Iridovirus , Herpesvirus , and Poxviridae in Goseong Bay indicates a potential or ongoing threat to the marine mammals and the seafood industry in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics and Metagenomic Characterization of Marine Viruses in Goseong Bay, Korea

Hwang

Park

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans, and account for a significant amount of the genetic diversity of marine ecosystems. However, there is little detailed information about the biodiversity of viruses in marine environments. Rapid advances in metagenomics have enabled the identification of previously unknown marine viruses. We performed metagenomic profiling of seawater samples collected at 6 sites in Goseong Bay (South Sea, Korea) during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2014. The results indicated the presence of highly diverse virus communities. The DNA libraries from samples collected during four seasons were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. The number of viral reads was 136,850 during March, 70,651 during June, 66,165 during September, and 111,778 during December. Species identification indicated that Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P, Ostreococcus lucimarinus OIV5 and OIV1, and Roseobacter phage SIO1 were the most common species in all samples. For viruses with at least 10 reads, there were 204 species during March, 189 during June, 170 during September, and 173 during December. Analysis of virus families indicated that the Myoviridae was the most common during all four seasons, and viruses in the Polyomaviridae were only present during March. Viruses in the Iridoviridae were only present during three seasons. Additionally, viruses in the Iridoviridae, Herpesviridae, and Poxviridae, which may affect fish and marine animals, appeared during different seasons. These results suggest that seasonal changes in temperature contribute to the dynamic structure of the viral community in the study area. The information presented here will be useful for comparative analyses with other marine viral communities.

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“…Finally, the complete genome of CSLAdV-1 was sequenced and this proved its difference from CAdVs (Cortes-Hinojosa et al, 2015). A rapidly increasing number of novel AdVs are being detected in different carnivoran samples by the nested PCR targeting the most conserved part of the gene of the adenoviral DNAdependent DNA polymerase (pol) (Wellehan et al, 2004), thus from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris, phocine AdV-1), Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii, phocine AdV-2), and again from another California sea lion with ocular lesions (this virus named otarine AdV-2) (Wright et al, 2015). More recently, pol sequences became available from a cat-associated AdV (Lakatos et al, 2017), as well as from pine martens (Martes martes) and Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) (Walker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus from a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

et al. 2020

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The presence of a novel adenovirus (AdV) was detected by PCR and sequencing, in the internal organs of a captive polar bear that had died in the Budapest zoo. The virus content of the samples proved to be high enough to allow for conventional Sanger sequencing on PCR-amplified genomic fragments. With this approach, the sequence of the entire genome of the putative polar bear adenovirus 1 (PBAdV-1) was obtained. Although the genome was found to be short, consisting of 27,952 base pairs merely, with a relatively balanced G+C content of 46.3%, its organisation corresponded largely to that of a typical mastadenovirus. Every genus-common gene could be identified except that of protein IX. The short E3 region of the PBAdV-1 consisted of two novel, supposedly type-specific ORFs only, whereas no homologue of any of the E3 genes, usually conserved in mastadenoviruses, such as for example that of the 12.5K protein, were present. In the E4 region, only the highly conserved gene of the 34K protein was found besides two novel 2 ORFs showing no homology to any known E4 ORFs. In silico sequence analysis revealed putative splicing donor and acceptor sites in the genes of the E1A, IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, pTP, 33K proteins, and also of U exon protein, all being characteristic for mastadenoviruses. Phylogenetic calculations, based on various proteins, further supported that the newly-detected PBAdV is the representative of a new species within the genus Mastadenovirus, and may represent the evolutionary lineage of adenoviruses that coevolved with carnivorans.

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Evaluation of viruses and their association with ocular lesions in pinnipeds in rehabilitation

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

Emerging viruses in marine mammals.

Seasonal Dynamics and Metagenomic Characterization of Marine Viruses in Goseong Bay, Korea

Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus from a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

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