Evaluation of Virginia-type Peanut Cultivars for Resistance to Southern Corn Rootworm1

Coffelt, T. A.; Herbert, D. A.

doi:10.3146/i0095-3679-21-2-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…NC 7 was included in the bioassays to serve as the susceptible control because it is a commercially available cultivar with no documented resistance to SCR. NC 6 was included as the resistant control because it was released as a resistant cultivar and has been used as the resistant control in previous studies (Coffelt and Herbert, 1994;Petka et al, 1997). The five breeding lines were tested because earlier field evaluations indicated some level of resistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistant peanut cultivars have the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for pesticides currently used to manage SCR infestations (Campbell and Wynne, 1985). Traditionally, peanuts have been evaluated for resistance through field tests (Fronk, 1950;Bousch and Alexander, 1965;Alexander and Smith, 1966;Chalfant and Mitchell, 1970;Coffelt and Herbert, 1994). Although field tests are considered the most reliable measure of resistance, variable SCR populations and environmental factors require field tests to be repeated a minimum of 3 yr for trends in resistance to be established.…”

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Laboratory Bioassay Evaluating Peanut Seedlings for Resistance to the Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

et al. 2003

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The objective of this studywas to develop a laboratory bioassay that consistently distinguishes peanut genotypes (Arachis hypogaea L.) based on their potential susceptibility or resistance to the southern com rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, a major soil insect pest of peanut in North Carolina, Virginia, and other states. The susceptibility or resistance of a peanut genotype to the SCR was characterized by the survival, development, and mean weight of the pest after feeding for 14 d on seedlings of different peanut genotypes. An initial 14 d seedling bioassay demonstrated the ability of the technique to separate a susceptible cultivar (NC 7) from a resistant cultivar (NC 6) based on the percentage ofSCR that survived after 14 d, the percentages and mean weight of surviving SCR in larvae, prepupae, and pupae. Subsequently, two 14 d seedling bioassaysevaluated fiveadditional peanut genotypes that were believed to have some resistance to the SCR (N97059N, N92069L, VA 861101, VI' 9506114-1, NC-GP WS 9) along with the susceptible (NC 7) and resistant (NC 6) controls. The final two bioassays were modified to test the differences in the percentages of SCR adults that emerged and the time required for adult emergence after feeding aslarvae on the susceptible (NC 7) and resistant (NC 6) peanut seedlings. The 14 d seedling bioassay represents an improvement over earlier seedling bioassays because of its consistent ability to distinguish susceptible and resistant peanut genotypes, and because of the diversity of parameters measured. It consistently separated the susceptible (NC 7) and resistant (NC 6) controls, with one or more of the parameters measured. The breeding line N92069L and the germplasm line NC-GP WS 9 were shown to result in significantly lower survivalof SCR and to delay development relative to the susceptible control NC 6. Aseedling bioassaywhere eggs were allowed to develop to the adult stage repeatedly separated NC 7 from NC 6 based on the percentages of adults that emerged. Results indicate the seedling bioassay should be a reliable method for screening large numbers of peanut genotypes before committing the time, space, and labor required for field evaluations. In addition, future peanut breeding programs should consider attempting to introduce the resistance expressed in NC-GP WS 9, N92069L, and N97059N into lines with desirable agronomic characteristics.

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confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Bioassay Evaluating Peanut Seedlings for Resistance to the Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

et al. 2003

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“…For example, cv. VA 93B, the fastest maturing commercially available virginia-type pea nut (Coffelt and Herbert, 1994), was observed with fewer pods punctured by rootworm compared to slower maturing lines in fields where several cultivars are grown (Herbert, unpub. data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk Index for Determining Insecticide Treatment for Southern Corn Rootworm in Peanut

1997

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The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, is a primary pest of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., in Virginia and North Carolina and an occasional pest in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. Currently, no alternatives involving integrated pest management exist for this pest, and control is based solely on preventive application of soil insecticides. Recent reductions in federal price support for peanut grown in the U.S. have provided incentives for growers to look for ways to reduce production costs. A risk index was developed that integrates factors that influence rootworm abundance and peanut pod damage to estimate levels of risk in individual peanut fields, and thus allows for more prescriptive and economical rootworm management. This index was evaluated using 44 field case studies in Virginia and North Carolina commercial peanut fields over the period 1989 to 1996. In each field case, predicted risk was compared to actual percent pod damage. Results showed that in 29 of 44 cases, the index accurately predicted general levels of risk to pod damage, and insecticide treatment decisions based on the index would have been correct in 32 of 44 cases. This report contains the individual index components, the justification for each, the indexing process, example index scenarios, and results of the process used in field case study evaluation.

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“…While rootworm injury rarely exceeds 25% in southeast Virginia (Miller, 1943), there are extreme cases with 30% (Herbert et al, 1998) to over 60% (Bousch et al, 1963) damaged pods. Coffelt and Herbert (1994) reported that insecticide treatments significantly reduced the amount of damage from rootworm and increased yield, value, and total sound mature kernels. These treatments are usually made at pegging (Phipps et al, 1992) or the R2 growth stage (Boote, 1982).…”

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Evaluation of the Peanut Southern Corn Rootworm Advisory

et al. 2004

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The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, is an annual soil insect pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Virginia, North Carolina, Texas, and other peanut growing states. Larvae feed on developing pods causing direct yield loss and indirect damage by allowing entry of secondary pathogens. Because southern com rootworm is a soil pest, scouting is difficult and producers make preventive treatments without knowledge of actual pest abundance. A predictive index for southern com rootworm injury was evaluated using 392 field case studies conducted in Virginia and North Carolina from 1997 to 2001. Factors influencing the index score (soil texture, soil drainage class, planting date, cultivar resistance, and field history of rootworm damage), and point assignments for predicting low, moderate, and high-risk fields were analyzed. The goal of this project was to determine which combination of factors provided the highest percentage of correct risk predictions. The best index combination used all five factors to determine the total point score, with 70 or more points indicating a high-risk field, 55 to 65 points a moderate-risk field, and less than or equal to 50 points a low-risk field. Growers who use the index eliminate a preventive insecticide treatment in low-risk and some moderaterisk fields. The index correctly predicted the level of pod damage in 45% (177 of 392) of the field case studies. Insecticide was correctly recommended in 46 fields. Thirty-three percent (131 of 392) of the fields were correctly identified as not needing treatment. There were 209 cases where there was an overestimation of pod damage with predictions of either a high or moderate level when only a low level occurred. In these cases, an insecticide treatment would have been recommended and an average of 6.1 and 2.6% pod damage, respectively, would have been prevented. Conversely, there were very few fields that should have been treated but were not treated (6 of 392). Overall, use of the index would have protected fields from pod damage and potential loss 98.5% of the time.

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Evaluation of Virginia-type Peanut Cultivars for Resistance to Southern Corn Rootworm1

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Laboratory Bioassay Evaluating Peanut Seedlings for Resistance to the Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Laboratory Bioassay Evaluating Peanut Seedlings for Resistance to the Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

A Risk Index for Determining Insecticide Treatment for Southern Corn Rootworm in Peanut

Evaluation of the Peanut Southern Corn Rootworm Advisory

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