Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of German Shepherd dogs

Souza, Alexandre Navarro Alves de; Pinto, A. C. B. C. Fonseca; Marvulle, Valdecir; Matera, Júlia Maria

doi:10.3415/vcot-11-07-0100

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For each foot strike evaluated, measurements of PVF and VI (expressed as percentage of body weight) were obtained from metacarpal/metatarsal pads and digital pads 2, 3, 4 and 5. These areas were manually outlined according to previously reported methods [18]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to pedobarographic analysis in humans, the isolated analysis of specific areas of the limb during the stance phase of the stride can be performed in dogs using modern kinetic analysis equipment. Data obtained via these methods can be relevant when clinical decisions and patient follow-up are based on improved weight bearing (transfer of load through the paw to the rest of the limb) [17,18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on vertical forces in the pads of dogs [17,18] are scarce and unrelated to orthopedic disease. The aim of this study was to analyze vertical forces in the pads of dogs affected with CCLR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2014

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BackgroundCranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most important stifle injuries and a common cause of lameness in dogs. Our objective was to measure the vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) using a pressure sensitive walkway. A pressure sensitive walkway was used to collect vertical force data from the pads of 10 Pitbulls affected with unilateral CCLR. Ten healthy Pitbulls were included in the study as controls. Velocity varied between 1.3 and 1.6 m/s and acceleration was kept below ± 0.1 m/s2. Differences between groups and between pads in the same limb within groups were investigated using ANOVA and the Tukey test. The paired Student t-test was employed to assess gait symmetry (p < 0.05).ResultsPeak vertical forces (PVF) were lower in the affected limb, particularly in the metatarsal pad. Increased PVF values in the forelimb and the contralateral hind limb pads of affected dogs suggest a compensatory effect.ConclusionsA consistent pattern of vertical force distribution was observed in the pads of dogs with CCLR. These data are important for increased understanding of vertical force distribution in the limb of dogs with CCLR disease. Kinetic analysis using pressure sensitive walkways can be useful in follow-up assessment of surgically treated dogs regardless of the surgical technique employed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2014

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“…Previous studies describe distribution of force in the pads during the support phase in healthy dogs [6,7] or in dogs with pathologies such as cranial cruciate ligament rupture [8] or hip fractures [9]; the dogs walk or trot across a simple or multiple pressure walkway that provides standard parameters as PVF and VI, usually measured by force platforms. The advantage of this method is that consecutive steps can be recorded; however, research has still not been published on static analysis in lame dogs with postural changes, such as spatial modifications in body center of pressure (COP) and the derived consequences of changes in paw area, and mean or maximum pressure values, among other parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Posturography: A New Perspective in the Assessment of Lameness in a Canine Model

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to assess the static posturography in dogs as a useful tool for diagnosis of lameness by means of the use of a pressure platform. For this purpose, a series of different parameters (pressure distribution, area of support, mean pressure, maximum pressure and statokinesiograms) were obtained from five lame dogs with unilateral elbow osteoarthritis treated with plasma rich in growth factors. Data were obtained before and 3 months after treatment, and results were compared with a control group of sound dogs of similar conformation. Significant differences were found in the above mentioned parameters between sound and lame limbs. Improvement after 3 months of treatment was also detected, demonstrating that this multi-parametric technique is an effective and reliable method for the assessment of lameness in dogs.

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“…An alternative to this motion analysis technique are pressure-sensitive walkways (PSWs) [5, 6]. The PSW usually have a high number of pressure sensors to facilitate quantification of both high and low pressure areas, vertical forces, and temporal characteristics of the stance phase upon coming into contact with the paw [7, 8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

2017

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Gait analysis has been extensively performed in dogs and horses; however, very little is known about feline biomechanics. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to determine the coefficient of variation (CV) among three ground reaction force (GRF) measurements taken for 15 client-owned European shorthaired cats without a training period and a short acclimatisation time. Gait was measured as each cat walked across a pressure-sensitive walkway, and measurements were made three times over a multi-week period (range: 2 to 17 weeks). The parameters evaluated were peak vertical force (PFz), vertical impulse (IFz), stance phase duration (SPD), step length (SL), paw contact area (PCA) and symmetry index (SI%) of the front and hind limbs. After averaging each of the values from the three measurements, the CV and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for all parameters. PFz showed the lowest CV (~ 3%), while IFz showed the highest CV (~11%) when normalised to body mass. When the GRFs were normalised to total force, the CV of PFz dropped to ~2% and that of IFz dropped to ~3%. The CV of SL and PCA were lower (~6% respectively ~5%) compared to the CV for SPD (~10%). The SI% for both PFz and IFz were comparable to the values reported in the gait analysis literature for dogs. Results of the current study indicate that gait analysis of cats using pressure-sensitive walkways produces reliable data and is a promising approach for evaluation of lameness. The results also suggest that PFz may be a more reliable parameter than IFz and that normalisation to percent of total force may aid in interpretation of the evaluated data.

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Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of German Shepherd dogs

Abstract: A vertical force distribution pattern was observed on the pads of the German Shepherd dogs. These data are important for improving the understanding of vertical force distribution during gait and to assess orthopaedic conditions.

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Evaluation of vertical forces in the pads of Pitbulls with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Static Posturography: A New Perspective in the Assessment of Lameness in a Canine Model

Coefficients of variation of ground reaction force measurement in cats

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