Evaluation of Vegetative Filter Strips for Swine Lagoon Wastewater

Hawkins, Gary L.; Hill, D. T.; Rochester, Eugene W.; Wood, C. W.

doi:10.13031/2013.17232

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In the east VTA, where the preevent groundwater elevation was higher and denitrification was more probable, any leachable soil NO 3 -N in the upper unsaturated soil likely mixed with surface flow as the entire soil saturated rapidly, possibly a cause of increasing surface NO 3 -N concentrations moving downslope. Others have also observed an increase in NO 3 -N concentrations in vegetative treatment system discharge (Lim et al 1998;Hawkins et al 1998;Paterson et al 1980). Even if leaching to the shallow layer did occur, NO 3 -N concentrations within Row 3 of both VTAs were relatively low and indicated that significant NO 3 -N was not being transported laterally downslope in shallow subsurface flow above the fragipan.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 90%

Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff

Faulkner¹,

Zhang²,

Geohring³

et al. 2010

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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The need for less resource-intensive agricultural waste treatment alternatives has lately increased. Vegetative treatment areas (VTAs) are considered a low-cost alternative to the collection and storage of various agricultural wastewaters. As VTAs become more widespread, the need for design guidance in varying climates and landscapes increases. The purposes of this study were to investigate runoff movement and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations within two VTAs and to use the results to improve VTA design and recommendations for management. Silage bunker runoff movement through the selected VTAs following a 7.8 mm (0.31 in) rainfall event was characterized using a chloride tracer. Both surface and subsurface runoff movement was analyzed using tracer concentrations and a simple binary mixing model. Results show that concentrated surface flow paths existed within both VTAs, and surface flow in general was more prevalent in the VTA that received a higher hydraulic loading. Rapid preferential flow to shallow monitoring wells was also observed. A shallow restrictive soil layer likely exacerbated surface flow but restricted runoff water and nitratenitrogen from leaching to deeper groundwater. The nitrate-nitrogen did not appear to be directly linked to runoff movement, but concentrations as high as 28 mg L -1 were observed in downslope surface flow in the wetter VTA. A more comprehensive VTA design process is called for that accounts for shallow soils and antecedent moisture conditions. Regular maintenance and design measures to prevent the formation of concentrated flow paths are also critical to the prevention of surface discharge.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 90%

Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff

Faulkner¹,

Zhang²,

Geohring³

et al. 2010

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…The H1.68MoO3 phase dis appeared completely at 598 K. Pt/MoO3 heated to 998 K showed diffraction lines at 2θ 38.1 and 44.3 . The formation of an unidentified compound, with diffraction lines at around 38 and 44 , has been observed in the reduction product of MoO3, and these diffraction lines have been assigned to a Mo2O oxide 38) , MoO with a face centered cubic lattice 39), 40) , and the molybdenum oxyhydride MoOxHy phase 10) , which is analogous to molybdenum oxycarbide MoOxCy. Wehrer et al reported that the presence of hydrogen in this compound was hardly possible because thermal treatment at 973 K in a flow of He did not change the XRD pattern, and they proposed the presence of a reduced molybdenum oxide with composition near to MoO 27), 28) .…”

Section: Reduction Of Na-loaded Moo3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of MoO<sub>3</sub> to Porous Molybdenum Oxides and Its Catalytic Properties for Alkane Isomerization

Matsuda

Ohno

Sakagami

et al. 2007

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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The catalytic activity of partially reduced Pt/MoO3 for alkane isomerization was investigated. The surface area of Pt/MoO3 was markedly enlarged by H2 reduction to a maximum after reduction at 673 K for 12 h. Enlargement of the surface area was caused by formation of pores with diameters of 0.6-3 nm. The catalytic activity of partially reduced Pt/MoO3 for heptane isomerization increased with reduction temperature, and reached a maximum at 723 K. The catalytic activity for 2-propanol dehydration was very similar to that of heptane isomerization. The isomerization and dehydration activities of partially reduced Pt/Na _ MoO3 rapidly decreased with increasing content of Na. In contrast, the hydrogenation of cyclohexene was promoted on catalysts containing Na. The isomerization and dehydration activities were related to the number of acid sites, determined by NH3-TPD. Therefore, the isomerization activity of partially reduced Pt/MoO3 depends on the activity as an acid catalyst. H2 reduction at 673 K enlarged the surface areas of H1.55MoO3 and Pt/MoO3, but not the surface area of MoO3. H1.55MoO3 and Pt/MoO3 reduced at 673 K had comparable activity for pentane isomerization, and were much more active than MoO3 reduced at 673 K, even after considering the differences in surface areas. Molybdenum oxyhydride, MoOxHy, was formed after the decomposition of hydrogen molybdenum bronze in the reduction of H1.55MoO3 and Pt/MoO3. On the other hand, MoO3 was reduced to MoO2 without the formation of hydrogen bronze. These results show that surface area and isomerization activity were improved by the formation of MoOxHy from HxMoO3.

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“…Increased K concentration in the outflow samples was also observed by other researchers. [46] However, in the second runoff event, concentration reductions were almost similar for all treatments, and they were 13.3%, 11.1%, and 12.2% in treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Highest transport reduction in K was observed in higher pH (T3), which is likely due to precipitation and adsorption by exchange sites because potassium solubility decreases with increases in pH.…”

Section: Nitrogen Transport Reductionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Influence of soil pH in vegetative filter strips for reducing soluble nutrient transport

Rahman

Cihacek

2014

Environmental Technology

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Low efficacy of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in reducing soluble nutrients has been reported in research articles. Solubility of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds is largely affected by pH of soil. Changing soil pH may result in a decrease in soluble nutrient transportation through VFS. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pH levels of VFS soil on soluble nutrient transport reduction from manure-borne runoff. Soil (loamy sand texture; bulk density 1.3 g cm-3) was treated with calcium carbonate to change pH at different pH treatment levels (5.5-6.5, 6.5-7.5, and 7.5-8.5), soil was packed into galvanized metal boxes, and tall fescue grasses were established in the boxes to simulate VFS. Boxes were placed in an open environment, tilted to a 3.0% slope, and 44.0 L manure-amended water was applied through the VFS by a pump at a rate of 1.45 L min-1. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet as well as from the leachate. Samples were analysed for ortho-phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and potassium. Highest transport reductions in ortho-phosphorus (42.4%) and potassium (20.5%) were observed at pH range 7.5-8.5. Ammonium nitrogen transport reduction was the highest at pH level of 6.5-7.5 and was 26.1%. Surface transport reduction in nitrate nitrogen was 100%, but leachate had the highest concentration of nitrate nitrogen. Mass transport reduction also suggested that higher pH in the VFS soil are effective in reducing some soluble nutrients transport.

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Evaluation of Vegetative Filter Strips for Swine Lagoon Wastewater

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff

Tracer movement through paired vegetative treatment areas receiving silage bunker runoff

Reduction of MoO<sub>3</sub> to Porous Molybdenum Oxides and Its Catalytic Properties for Alkane Isomerization

Influence of soil pH in vegetative filter strips for reducing soluble nutrient transport

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