Evaluation of various polishing systems and the phase transformation of monolithic zirconia

Huh, Yoon‐Hyuk; Park, Chan‐Jin; Cho, Lee‐Ra

doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.01.021

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CAM (ADP‐1605M DMP, AM Technology, Chungnam, Korea) was performed to obtain material specimens with the desired thickness and core‐to‐veneer ratio for each experimental subgroup. To ensure the accuracy and uniformity of the specimens and to eliminate errors in the fabrication procedure, the specimen surfaces were polished in the same manner using a low‐speed handpiece connected to a custom‐made fixation device, as in a previous study . Monolithic ZrO 2 specimens (i.e., with ratios of 10/0 and 6/0) were polished with a ZrO 2 ‐specific grinding tool (9736H; Hager & Meisinger GmbH, Neuss, Germany) for 20 seconds at each stage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia–Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength

Kim

Huh

et al. 2020

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose:To determine the effects of the total thickness and core/veneer thickness ratio of bilayered ceramics on their three-point flexural strength and translucency. Materials and methods: Two groups of specimens were prepared with two different total thicknesses, 1.0 mm and 0.6 mm. These groups were divided into five and three subgroups with ten specimens each, respectively, having different core/veneer thickness ratios. Lithium disilicate was pressed on the zirconia surface using the "lostwax technique." The translucency and three-point flexural strength were measured, and a one-way analysis of variance test (p < 0.05) was performed to determine whether the translucency and three-point flexural strength were affected by the total thickness and core/veneer thickness ratio of the specimens. Results: For the same total thickness, translucency decreased with a increase in the zirconia core proportion (p < 0.001). For the same core/veneer ratio, the translucency decreased with an increase in the total thickness (p < 0.001). If the zirconia thickness was less than half of the total thickness, the bilayered ceramic specimens containing zirconia cores and monolithic lithium disilicate specimens exhibited a similar translucency. The three-point flexural strength increased with the increasing proportion of zirconia; however, it did not change significantly with the total thickness. However, for the same total thickness, the flexural strengths of the bilayered ceramics were higher than those of the monolithic specimens. Conclusions: At the same total thickness, increasing the zirconia core thickness decreased the translucency and increased the three-point flexural strength. Bilayered ceramic specimens with low zirconia ratios exhibited translucency similar to that of monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic but a higher flexural strength.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia–Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength

Kim

Huh

et al. 2020

Journal of Prosthodontics

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“…On the other hand, other studies reported that glazing is the best procedure for obtaining surface smoothness . Also, feldspathic porcelain was reported to have higher surface roughness than zirconia after finishing and polishing procedures …”

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“…[36][37][38] Also, feldspathic porcelain was reported to have higher surface roughness than zirconia after finishing and polishing procedures. [39][40][41] It can be concluded that ceramic restorations benefit from undergoing polishing steps after adjustment, but this topic is still controversial because of the different measuring parameters and different combinations of materials and polishing systems that have been used in previous reports.…”

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Surface Roughness of Monolithic and Layered Zirconia Restorations at Different Stages of Finishing and Polishing: An In Vitro Study

Hamad

Al‐Addous

Al‐Wahadni

et al. 2019

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose To evaluate surface roughness and topography of different zirconia‐based restorations at various steps of finishing and polishing. Materials and Methods Seventy‐five zirconia discs were fabricated and divided into 3 layered and 2 monolithic groups: layered conventional (VM9; Vita), layered pressed (PM9; Vita), layered digital (TriLuxe Forte; Vita), opaque monolithic (Ceramill Zi; Amann Girrbach), and translucent monolithic (Zolid FX; Amann Girrbach). Surface roughness testing (Ra, Rz) and scanning electron microscopy were performed at the glazed, unglazed, finished, polished, super‐polished, and super‐polished with diamond paste steps. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis. Results There were significant differences in all groups among the different steps (p < 0.001, F = 77.67 for layered conventional; p < 0.001, F = 133.90 for layered pressed; p < 0.001, F = 47.94 for layered digital; p < 0.001, F = 48.05 for zirconia opaque; p < 0.001, F = 43.91 for zirconia translucent). For the layered groups, glazed stage was significantly different from all other steps (p < 0.001). For the layered conventional and digital groups, polishing using diamond paste was not significantly different from the polished and super‐polished steps (p = 0.448, p = 0.153), while for the layered pressed group, polishing using diamond paste was not significantly different from the super polished step (p = 0.815). For monolithic groups, there were no significant differences between the polished and super‐polished steps (p = 0.957 for zirconia opaque, p = 1.00 for zirconia translucent). Both the diamond paste and super‐polished steps showed no significant differences (p = 0.620, p = 0.550) from the glazed surface in the opaque zirconia group. Conclusions Surface roughness of monolithic and layered zirconia was improved by polishing; however, only opaque zirconia reached the level of surface roughness of the glazed stage. Type of buildup affected the surface roughness of adjusted ceramics, with monolithic zirconia showing lower surface roughness than layered zirconia. Polishing with diamond paste provided no significant improvement in the surface roughness of monolithic or layered zirconia.

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“…12 Overall, most of the zirconia polishing systems available show clinically acceptable results, with limited surface roughness and no phase transformation occurring during polishing procedures. 13 Aging also reduces the strength of zirconia significantly with monolithic phase formation. 14 The resistance to fracture and the phase stability are susceptible to hydrothermal and mechanical conditions.…”

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Effect of polishing procedures and hydrothermal aging on wear characteristics and phase transformation of zirconium dioxide

Bartolo

Cassar

Husain

et al. 2017

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

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Statement of problem. Yttria-stabilized zirconia used for the fabrication of crowns and fixed\ud \ud prostheses may require intraoral adjustments after placement and cementation. Grinding and\ud \ud polishing methods may result in changes in the surface characteristics of zirconia.\ud \ud Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of polishing procedures on\ud \ud surface roughness, topographical and phase changes of zirconia, and wear of the opposing dentition.\ud \ud Material and methods. Presintered and precut yttria-stabilized zirconia specimens (10×10×1 mm)\ud \ud were divided into 4 groups (control, Intensiv, Shofu, 3M ESPE) depending on the polishing method\ud \ud used to prepare the specimens. All tests were carried out in triplicate. The specimens were polished\ud \ud depending on the polishing regimen, while the control was left untreated. The specimens were\ud \ud thermocycled for 3000 cycles, with a temperature range of 5C to 55C. The surface roughness,\ud \ud elemental, and phase changes caused by polishing before and after thermocycling were assessed\ud \ud with surface profilometry, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The wear on\ud \ud antagonist steatite balls was also measured after mastication simulation. Statistical analysis was\ud \ud performed using 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test to perform multiple comparison tests (a=.05).\ud \ud Results. The polishing procedures increased surface roughness (Ra) of yttria-stabilized zirconia from\ud \ud 0.52 for the control specimen to 0.73 for Intensiv, 0.70 for Shofu, and 0.70 for 3M ESPE (P<.05), which\ud \ud was reduced by thermocycling to 0.44 (control), 0.58 (Intensiv), and 0.58 (Shofu) (P<.001), while\ud \ud roughness remained unchanged for 3M ESPE specimens (0.75; P=.452). The deposition of aluminum\ud \ud when using Shofu abrasives and nickel in Intensiv was demonstrated. Phase changes were observed\ud \ud on the zirconia surface with formation of the monoclinic phase in all polishing methods. Specimen\ud \ud aging enhanced the surface phase changes and also induced compressive stresses in zirconia\ud \ud polished with Intensiv. The different polishing protocols did not affect the wear to the antagonist (P>.05).\ud \ud Conclusions. Polishing zirconia increased surface roughness and led to surface phase changes, but\ud \ud wear to the antagonist was not affected.peer-reviewe

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Evaluation of various polishing systems and the phase transformation of monolithic zirconia

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia–Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength

Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia–Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength

Surface Roughness of Monolithic and Layered Zirconia Restorations at Different Stages of Finishing and Polishing: An In Vitro Study

Effect of polishing procedures and hydrothermal aging on wear characteristics and phase transformation of zirconium dioxide

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