Evaluation of vanadium carbide coatings on AISI H13 obtained by thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion technique

Fan, Xianqiang; Yang, Zhigang; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Y.D.; Che, Hanqing

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.065

Cited by 102 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…TRD processes typically make use of borax-or chloride-based salt-baths [6,10,11,12], but the use of different deposition media can be found in the literature. Powder pack TRD processing has been applied as an alternative to salt bath, e.g chromizing for formation of hard chromium carbo-nitride layers [13] and powder pack vanadizing for growth of vanadium carbides [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TRD process should not be confused with CVD processes [e.g. 8,9], where carbide layers are deposited onto a substrate and the carbon is provided by the gas atmosphere; in TRD the carbon (or nitrogen) is provided by the steel itself and diffusion of the carbide/nitride forming element into the surface of the steel, albeit to a limited extent, secured a diffusion bond between carbide/nitride reaction layer and the steel.TRD processes typically make use of borax-or chloride-based salt-baths [6,10,11,12], but the use of different deposition media can be found in the literature. Powder pack TRD processing has been applied as an alternative to salt bath, e.g chromizing for formation of hard chromium carbo-nitride layers [13] and powder pack vanadizing for growth of vanadium carbides [14,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Christiansen

Bottoli

Dahl

et al. 2017

Materials Performance and Characterization

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Thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion (TRD) and boriding are thermochemical processes that result in very high surface hardness by conversion of the surface into carbides/nitrides and borides, respectively. These treatments offer significant advantages in terms of hardness, adhesion, tribooxidation and high wear resistance compared to other conventional surface hardening treatments. In this work 4 different materials, ARMCO, AISI 409, Uddeholm ARNE® (AISI O1 equivalent) and VANADIS® 6 PM steel representing different classes of alloys, i.e. pure iron, stainless steel and tool steels, were subjected to TRD (chromizing & titanizing) and boriding treatments. For the steels with low carbon content chromizing results in surface alloying with chromium, i.e. formation of a (soft) 'stainless' surface zone. Steels containing higher levels of carbon form chromium carbide (viz. Cr23C6, Cr7C3) layers with hardnesses up to 1800HV. Titanizing of ARNE tool steel results in a surface layer consisting of TiC with a hardness of approximately 4000 HV. Duplex treatments, where boriding is combined with subsequent (TRD) titanizing, result in formation of hard TiB2 on top of a thick layer of Fe-based borides. The obtained surface layers were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, reflected light microscopy and micro-indentation. Keywords:Boriding; Thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion (TRD); Chromizing; Titanizing; TiB2 1.IntroductionThermochemical surface engineering of metallic materials is widely applied for applications where components are exposed to (excessive) wear or where other surface characteristics are desired, e.g. fatigue and corrosion resistance [1]. Conventional and commonly applied methods include carburizing, carbo-nitriding and ferritic nitriding/nitrocarburizing in many different commercial variants. For applications where high hardness is needed, e.g. where excessive wear is encountered, boriding and thermo-reactive diffusion processes can be applied.Boriding is a process where boron is diffused into a material resulting in formation of a compound layer consisting of hard borides of the elements present in the treated substrate. When the process is applied on steels, iron borides are formed with a hardness of more than 1600 HV [2,3,4]. The borides formed are typically FeB and Fe2B as well as borides of the alloying elements, e.g. Cr andMo [2,3]. For tribological applications a single layer of Fe2B is usually preferred since it is less brittle than FeB [3,5]. Different process media are possible, including powder pack, salt bath and plasma.The Thermo Reactive Deposition and Diffusion (TRD) process was originally developed by Arai [6,7] and is also known as the Toyota diffusion process. The substrate to be treated is typically immersed in a molten (borax) salt bath containing strong carbide or nitride forming elements. The carbide/nitride forming element (e.g. V, Nb, Cr etc.) reacts with the carbon or nitrogen in the base material to form a thin reaction layer of (hard) ca...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Christiansen

Bottoli

Dahl

et al. 2017

Materials Performance and Characterization

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“…The TRD treatment can be performed using salt baths [3,4], fluidized beds [5,6] or pack cementation [7][8][9][10][11][12] at high temperatures (850-1050 °C) with treatment times of 0.5-10 hours, resulting in a layer of depth 5-15 µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pack cementation TRD powder usually consists of a metallic element (carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming); one inert filler that does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers, usually Al 2 O 3 or SiC; and an activator, for example NH 4 Cl that, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element to form chlorides that will then react with the substrate to generate, for example, carbide layers [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Krellin¹,

Milan²,

Costa³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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Sliding wear behavior of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 bearing steel balls against AISI 1045 quenched steel discs was investigated. Thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) treatment was carried out at 1000 °C for 4 hours by pack cementation method. NbC phase with 11 µm in thickness was identified by SEM microscopy and XRD technique. Ball-on-disc wear tests were carried out without lubrication under 2 and 10N load at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3 m/s. A 300% increase in sliding speed resulted in 24% and 27%, increasing in friction coefficient of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 steel balls for 2N and 10N. Wear resistance of AISI 52100 steel was improved up to 78 times after TRD treatment depending on applied load and sliding velocity. Wear mechanisms are adhesive-oxidative for hardened balls and abrasive-oxidative for coated balls against hardened AISI 1045 steel discs. Keywords: Sliding wear; Steel; Niobium carbide coating; Friction. INTRODUCTIONThermo-reactive deposition/diffusion (TRD) treatment is a method for surface coating steels with a hard and wear-resistant layer of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides [1] or borides [2] by the diffusion of carbon, nitrogen or boron in the steel substrate into a deposited layer of the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element.The TRD treatment can be performed using salt baths [3,4], fluidized beds [5,6] or pack cementation [7][8][9][10][11][12] at high temperatures (850-1050 °C) with treatment times of 0.5-10 hours, resulting in a layer of depth 5-15 µm.Pack cementation TRD powder usually consists of a metallic element (carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming); one inert filler that does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers, usually Al 2 O 3 or SiC; and an activator, for example NH 4 Cl that, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element to form chlorides that will then react with the substrate to generate, for example, carbide layers [12,13].Niobium carbide can be used in high-temperature environments because it has a high melting point (3873 °C) The aims of this work are to produce a wear resistant coating of niobium carbide on AISI 52100 steel balls using the pack cementation method and evaluate its tribological behavior. AISI 52100 steel can be used in tools for cold work dies, cold extrusion tools, bearings, etc. Increasing the quality of the tools is only about 5% of its cost and its preparation time, making it feasible to consider any surface treatment as an investment [19]. Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted according to ASTM G99-05 standard at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3m/s and under loads of 2 and 10N. was carried out in an electrical resistance furnace under an argon atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. The hardened AISI 52100 steel balls were also analyzed. AISI 1045 steel discs, 6 mm in thickness, were cut from a bar of diameter 25.4 mm. The steel discs were sanded with silicon carbide abrasive paper up to 600 grit and polished with 1 µm alumina suspension. The AISI 1045 plain carbon steel ...

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“…Hard coatings can be prepared by different methods like physical vapor deposition (PVD), thermal spraying, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [5]. When compared with other techniques, TRD has several advantages such as requiring relatively simple equipment, low cost and being environmentally friendly [6]. During the TRD process, carbon and nitrogen in steel substrate diffuse into a deposited layer for formation of interstitial compounds with a carbide or nitride-forming elements, such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum or tungsten, which originate from the coating bath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aluminum Addition to Nb-Al-C-N Coatings on AISI M2 Steel Obtained by Thermo-Reactive Deposition Technique

Abakay

Şen

2016

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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In this study, aluminum-doped (1 and 2 wt.%) and Al-free niobium carbo-nitride coatings were applied to the surface of AISI M2 high speed steel using the process of thermo-reactive deposition technique (TRD) at 1000• C during 1-4 h. The obtained coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and micro hardness test. Nb-Al-C-N layers were compact and homogeneous. X-ray diffraction analysis has shown that the major phases formed in the coating layer are Nb2CN and NbN. The depth of the coating layer had increased with the treatment time and ranged from 6.65 to 9.05 µm. The measured values of the hardness of the coating layers were ranging between 2136 and 2636 HK0.005.

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Evaluation of vanadium carbide coatings on AISI H13 obtained by thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion technique

Cited by 102 publications

References 25 publications

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Hard Surface Layers by Pack Boriding and Gaseous Thermo-Reactive Deposition and Diffusion Treatments

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Effect of Aluminum Addition to Nb-Al-C-N Coatings on AISI M2 Steel Obtained by Thermo-Reactive Deposition Technique

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