Evaluation of Urinary and Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibition Factor in a group of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Egyptian Patients

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the potential clinicopathological involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its relationship with lupus nephritis (LN) through measuring serum and urinary MIF levels. Methods: A crosssectional case-control study was carried out on 30 SLE female patients and 30 healthy age-matched females as a control group. SLE activity was assessed by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2k) and renal activity was evaluated with the renal-SLEDAI (rSLEDAI-2k). SLE damage was evaluated by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index. Serum MIF (sMIF), urinary MIF (uMIF) levels were assayed and uMIF/creatinine ratio was estimated in all studied subjects. Results: SLE patients had significantly higher levels of sMIF, uMIF and uMIF/ creatinine ratio than the control group (p <0.001 for each).They were also significantly higher in SLE patients with lupus nephritis compared with those without lupus nephritis (p <0.001 for each) and in patients with active nephritis compared with inactive cases (p= 0.007, 0.001, 0.018, respectively). There were significant increase in sMIF, uMIF levels and uMIF/creatinine ratio in association with disease activity assessed by SLEDAI (p =0.005, 0.026, 0.049, respectively). Through regression analysis revealed that sMIF, uMIF, uMIF/creatinine ratio were found to be independent predictors for lupus nephritis development. Conclusion:This study showed that MIF is related to renal disease activity in SLE. Further prospective studies are required to verify whether MIF has a prognostic value in predicting clinical outcomes in SLE patients with different therapeutic regimens.

Assessment of Serum Level of Chitinase-3-Like Protein-1 (Ykl-40) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Relation to Disease Activity

“…Unfortunately, its role in SLE hasn't been well investigated yet and literature about it in this disease is very sparce. In the current cross-sectional investigation, the ratio of females to males among SLE patients (n=25) was 7.3:1and this female predominance in SLE has been repeatedly described in previous literatures [23,24,25].…”

New Insights into the Role and Mechanism of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Epinephelus awoara Infected with Vibrio alginolyticus

“…MIF was involved in pathogenic factors and therapeutic targets for diseases. Elevation of MIF serum levels have been detected in some disease (Günther et al, 2019), such as sepsis (Toldi et al, 2021).MIF has been associated with worsening pathologic conditions and some clinical diseases courses (Fouda et al, 2022).…”