Evaluation of urinalyses from untreated adult cats with lower urinary tract disease and healthy control cats: predictive abilities and clinical relevance

Lund, Heidi Sjetne; Krontveit, Randi; Halvorsen, Ingvild; Eggertsdóttir, Anna V

doi:10.1177/1098612x13492739

Cited by 26 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this study was the first to describe the prevalence of CaOx crystalluria in dogs with CaOx uroliths. In a retrospective study 26 of cats with lower urinary tract disease, crystalluria was present in 4 of 13 (31%) cats with urolithiasis, 34 of 59 (58%) cats with idiopathic cystitis, and 6 of 14 (43%) cats with bacterial cystitis. The types of crystals and uroliths identified in the cats of that study 26 were not reported, which hinders interpretation of those results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a retrospective study 26 of cats with lower urinary tract disease, crystalluria was present in 4 of 13 (31%) cats with urolithiasis, 34 of 59 (58%) cats with idiopathic cystitis, and 6 of 14 (43%) cats with bacterial cystitis. The types of crystals and uroliths identified in the cats of that study 26 were not reported, which hinders interpretation of those results. The low proportion of dogs with CaOx crystalluria in the present study could have been a reflection of sample handling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths

Kennedy

Lulich

Ritt

et al. 2016

javma

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OBJECTIVE To compare body condition score (BCS) and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths. DESIGN Case-control study. ANIMALS 46 Miniature Schnauzers, 16 Bichons Frises, and 6 Shih Tzus. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for Miniature Schnauzers, Bichons Frises, and Shih Tzus that were examined between January 2001 and November 2014 for another urolithiasis study or for a urolith removal procedure. Dogs with CaOx uroliths were classified as cases. Dogs without a history of urinary tract disease and with no evidence of radiopaque uroliths on abdominal radiographs were classified as controls. Each case was matched with 1 control on the basis of age (± 2 years), sex, and breed. Body condition score and urinalysis results were compared between cases and controls, and the relationship between BCS and urine pH was analyzed. RESULTS Median BCS was significantly greater for cases than controls, although the proportion of overweight dogs did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Urine pH was negatively associated with age, but was not associated with BCS or the presence of CaOx uroliths. Cases infrequently had acidic urine or CaOx crystalluria but frequently had hematuria and proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with CaOx uroliths had a greater median BCS than control dogs, but the clinical importance of that finding was unclear. Acidic urine and CaOx crystalluria were uncommon and not adequate predictors of CaOx urolith status. Hematuria and proteinuria were commonly observed in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis, but they are not pathognomonic for that condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths

Kennedy

Lulich

Ritt

et al. 2016

javma

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“…A wide range of prevalence rates for subclinical bacteriuria has been reported in cats, varying from low rates of <1.0%‐3.3%, 12,34,35 to intermediate rates of 6.1, 7.9, and 10%‐13%, 26,27,36 to a high rate of 28.8% 11 . The main difference in these studies was the age of the cats, which tended to be younger in the studies with lower prevalence rates 12,34,35 and older in the studies with prevalence rates >6% 11,26,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Peterson

Soboroff³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Subclinical bacteriuria is defined as a positive bacterial urine culture in the absence of clinical evidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies have reported that hyperthyroid cats have UTIs (mostly subclinical) with prevalence rates of 12%-22%. Consequently, clinicians consider hyperthyroidism a risk factor for development of subclinical bacteriuria, and many recommend urine culture when evaluating hyperthyroid cats.Objectives: To compare the prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (based on positive urine culture) in untreated hyperthyroid cats to that in euthyroid cats of similar age and sex.Animals: Three hundred and ninety-three hyperthyroid cats presented for radioiodine treatment and 131 euthyroid cats (≥7 years of age) presented for routine examination. Cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease were excluded.Methods: Prospective cohort study. Both hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats had urine collected by cystocentesis for complete urinalysis and culture. Data pertaining to age, sex, body condition, and serum thyroxine and creatinine concentrations also were acquired. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate for potential risk factors for subclinical bacteriuria.Results: Hyperthyroid cats showed a low prevalence of subclinical bacteriuria (4.3%), which did not differ from that found in euthyroid cats (4.6%). Of the signalment factors evaluated, only female sex was a significant risk factor (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; P = .002). Furthermore, positive urine cultures were more likely in specimens with dilute urine concentration (<1.035), pyuria, or microscopic bacteriuria.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperthyroid cats are not at risk for subclinical bacteriuria. In the absence of lower urinary tract signs, no clinical benefit exists in routinely performing urine cultures when evaluating hyperthyroid cats. K E Y W O R D S feline, hematuria, pyuria, subclinical bacteriuria, urinary tract infection, urine culture Abbreviations: cTSH, canine TSH; IQR, interquartile range; SDMA, serum symmetric dimethylarginine; T 4 , thyroxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; UTI, urinary tract infection.

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“…[13][14][15][16] DNA preparation DNA was isolated from 200 µl well-mixed non-sedimented urine using the QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's instructions, with the exception of the amount of elution buffer used in the final steps. A reduced volume of 50 µl elution buffer was used in order to increase the final DNA concentration in the eluate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of bacterial DNA in culture-negative urine from cats with and without lower urinary tract disease

Lund

Skogtun

Sørum

et al. 2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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A diagnosis of bacterial cystitis commonly relies on a positive microbiological culture demonstrating the presence of a significant number of colony-forming units/ml urine, as urine within the upper urinary tract, bladder and proximal urethra generally is considered sterile. Recent studies from human and veterinary medicine indicate the presence of non-culturable bacteria in culture-negative urine samples. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of bacterial DNA in culture-negative urine samples from cats with signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) and healthy control cats by 16S ribosomal DNA PCR and subsequent sequencing. The study sample included 38 culture-negative urine samples from cats with FLUTD and 43 culture-negative samples from control cats. Eight culture-positive urine samples from cats with FLUTD were included as external positive controls in addition to negative reaction controls. Of possible methodological limitations, degradation of DNA due to storage, the use of non-sedimented urine for DNA isolation and lack of internal positive reaction controls should be mentioned. The positive controls were recognised, but occurrence of bacterial DNA in culture-negative urine from cats with or without signs of lower urinary tract disease was not demonstrated. However, considering the possible methodological limitations, the presence of bacterial DNA in the urine of culture-negative FLUTD cats cannot be excluded based on the present results alone. Therefore, a prospective study reducing the possibility of degradation of DNA due to storage, in combination with modifications enhancing the chance of detecting even lower levels of bacterial DNA in culture-negative samples, seems warranted.

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Evaluation of urinalyses from untreated adult cats with lower urinary tract disease and healthy control cats: predictive abilities and clinical relevance

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths

Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths

Hyperthyroidism is not a risk factor for subclinical bacteriuria in cats: A prospective cohort study

Absence of bacterial DNA in culture-negative urine from cats with and without lower urinary tract disease

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