Evaluation of uric acid levels, thyroid function, and anthropometric parameters in Japanese children with Down syndrome

Abstract

Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is characterized by congenital abnormalities as well as mental retardation. From the neonatal stage through adolescence, patients with Down syndrome often have several complications. Thus, it is important to attain knowledge of the prevalence of these comorbidities in children with Down syndrome. We, therefore, evaluated the biochemical data, thyroid function, and anthropometric parameters, and analyzed the association among them in Japanese children and early adolescents with Down syndrome. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity and overweight between boys and girls. The level of uric acid was higher in boys than in girls. Moreover, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was also higher in boys than in girls (approximately 32% and 10%, respectively). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in children with Down syndrome was approximately 20%, with no significant sex differences. The levels of uric acid and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were positively associated with age, while the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine had a negative association with age. Overall, children with Down syndrome, exhibit a higher incidence of hyperuricemia. Therefore, uric acid levels, as well as thyroid function, from childhood to early adulthood should be monitored in this patient cohort.

The Role of Inflammatory Diet and Vitamin D on the Link between Periodontitis and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis in Older Adults

“…The inflammatory dietary burden was quantified through the DII, a comprehensive and literature-based tool [37,48] previously linked with the variation of inflammatory surrogates [49][50][51] and implicated in systemic diseases [52,53]. In all, DII remarkably mediated the association of periodontitis and cognitive decline, which may be seen as novel.…”

Prevalence of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia in the pediatric population: a cross-sectional study of a Japanese health insurance database

“…Such hyperuricemia can also be complicated by congenital abnormalities of kidney form and function, by nephrotic syndrome, and by kidney transplantation [3,[11][12][13]. Abnormal purine metabolism, in conditions such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or inborn errors of metabolism, is associated with hyperuricemia [3], and early onset of hyperuricemia and of gout have also been reported in children with Down syndrome [9,10]. The results of this study confirmed previous reports of patients with underlying chronic diseases including cyanotic congenital heart disease, kidney disease, and Down syndrome [2,3].…”

“…In pediatric patients, chronic hyperuricemia is often associated with underlying comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease or kidney disease, inborn errors of purine metabolism, genetic disorders, or kidney transplantation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Gout is relatively rare in the pediatric population, but diagnostic studies with dual energy computed tomography technology have shown that chronic sustained hyperuricemia in children can lead to monosodium urate deposits that may progress to gout, just as in adults [14][15][16].…”

Evaluation of biochemical and hematological parameters in adults with Down syndrome

“…The present study evaluated several biochemical and hematological parameters in a large sample of adults with DS. Several studies exploring laboratory tests in DS patients exist, but their focus is limited to specific areas of metabolism [11][12][13][14][15][16] . DS is among the most complex genetic conditions compatible with life, characterized by accelerated aging and affecting gene expression beyond chromosome 21 23 .…”