Evaluation of two cross-linked collagen gels implanted in the transected spinal cord

Marchand, R.; Woerly, S.; Bertrand, L.; Valdés, Nuria

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(93)90273-e

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Dilute collagen gel presented in a silicone tube to a transected sciatic nerve is supportive for at least short-distance regeneration (Labrador et al, 1998). At the same time, however, tubes filled with collagen alone have minimal growth-promoting activity for spinal cord axons (Marchand et al, 1993;Houweling et al, 1998) but can be more supportive when seeded with growth factors (such as NT-3) (Houweling et al, 1998). The fact that collagen can support the regeneration of peripheral axons would be consistent with the idea that the NF-positive axons within the lesion site, which grow within the collagen-rich matrix, originate from damaged peripheral nerves.…”

Section: Ecm Within the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of molecules are present in this connective tissue matrix that can support axon growth under some circumstances, including accumulations of collagen (Marchand et al, 1993;Labrador et al, 1998). This, along with the fact that there is tissue rather than a cavity at the injury site, raises the question of whether this matrix might be supportive for axonal regeneration.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Ascending sensory, but not other long‐tract axons, regenerate into the connective tissue matrix that forms at the site of a spinal cord injury in mice

Inman

Steward

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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Mice exhibit a unique wound healing response following spinal cord injury in which the lesion site fills in with a connective tissue matrix. Previous studies have revealed that axons grow into this matrix, but the source of the axons remained unknown. The present study assesses whether any of these axons were the result of long tract regeneration. C57Bl/6 mice received crush injuries and were allowed to survive for 6 weeks to 7 months. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the somato-motor cortex to trace descending corticospinal tract (CST) axons, into the midbrain to label descending brainstem pathways including the rubrospinal and reticulospinal tracts, or into the L5 dorsal root ganglion to trace ascending projections of first-order sensory neurons. Spinal cords from other mice were prepared for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against neurofilament protein (NF), 5-HT to reveal descending serotonergic axons, calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP) to reveal ascending sensory axons, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) to assess the distribution of molecules that are inhibitory to axon growth. NF immunostaining revealed axons in the connective tissue matrix at the lesion site, confirming previous studies that used protargol staining. CST axons did not enter the connective tissue matrix, but did sprout extensively in segments adjacent to the injury site. Rubrospinal and reticulospinal tract axons also did not grow into the lesion site. 5-HT-positive axons extended to the edge of the lesion, and a few axons followed astrocyte processes into the margins of the lesion site. In contrast to the other pathways, BDA-labeled ascending sensory axons did extend into and arborized extensively within the connective tissue matrix, although the subgroup of ascending axons that are positive for CGRP did not. These results indicate that the connective tissue matrix is permissive for regeneration of some classes of ascending sensory axons but not for other axonal systems.

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Section: Ecm Within the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ascending sensory, but not other long‐tract axons, regenerate into the connective tissue matrix that forms at the site of a spinal cord injury in mice

Inman

Steward

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Because of the lack of a solid substrate, this late-stage pathological endpoint represents a physical gap that impedes axonal regeneration and functional recovery (Guth et al, 1985;Basso et al, 1996;Beattie et al, 1997). To guide regenerating axons across this cavity, several research groups have investigated the use of bridging materials that include substrates derived from either stem cells (McDonald et al, 1999;Akiyama et al, 2002), support cells (Xu et al, 1995;Li et al, 1997), autologous grafts (von Wild and Brunelli, 2003;Houle et al, 2006), embryonic grafts (Reier et al, 1986), natural substances (Marchand et al, 1993), or synthetic substances (Tsai et al, 2004;Wen and Tresco, 2006). Many of these approaches have shown promise in attracting regenerating axons onto the prosthetic bridge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating neuronal and glial growth on electrospun polarized matrices: bridging the gap in percussive spinal cord injuries

et al. 2007

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One of the many obstacles to spinal cord repair following trauma is the formation of a cyst that impedes axonal regeneration. Accordingly, we examined the potential use of electrospinning to engineer an implantable polarized matrix for axonal guidance. Polydioxanone, a resorbable material, was electrospun to fabricate matrices possessing either aligned or randomly oriented fibers. To assess the extent to which fiber alignment influences directional neuritic outgrowth, rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were cultured on these matrices for 10 days. Using confocal microscopy, neurites displayed a directional growth that mimicked the fiber alignment of the underlying matrix. Because these matrices are generated from a material that degrades with time, we next determined whether a glial substrate might provide a more stable interface between the resorbable matrix and the outgrowing axons. Astrocytes seeded onto either aligned or random matrices displayed a directional growth pattern similar to that of the underlying matrix. Moreover, these glia-seeded matrices, once cocultured with DRGs, conferred the matrix alignment to and enhanced outgrowth exuberance of the extending neurites. These experiments demonstrate the potential for electrospinning to generate an aligned matrix that influences both the directionality and growth dynamics of DRG neurites.

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“…Among the 19 varieties of collagen in humans, type I collagen has been most commonly used as a primary component of scaffolds to promote axonal regeneration after SCI in rodents. Bridging the transected spinal cord with collagen gels induced vascularization in the bridging collagen and led to the ingrowth of a small number of myelinated axons from the host spinal cord (de la Torre, 1982;Marchand et al, 1993). In addition, combination therapy of collagen gels with several neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), stimulated axonal regeneration, including axons from the corticospinal tract, after dorsal spinal cord transection, and promoted partial functional recovery (Houweling et al, 1998a,b).…”

Section: Degradable Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Strategies for Spinal Cord Repair

Nomura

Tator

Shoichet

2006

Journal of Neurotrauma

183

122

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This article reviews bioengineered strategies for spinal cord repair using tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is multifactorial and multiphasic, and therefore, it is likely that effective treatments will require combinations of strategies such as neuroprotection to counteract secondary injury, provision of scaffolds to replace lost tissue, and methods to enhance axonal regrowth, synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of astrocytosis. Biomaterials have major advantages for spinal cord repair because of their structural and chemical versatility. To date, various degradable or non-degradable biomaterial polymers have been tested as guidance channels or delivery systems for cellular and non-cellular neuroprotective or neuroregenerative agents in experimental SCI. There is promise that bioengineering technology utilizing cellular treatment strategies, including Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing glia, or neural stem cells, can promote repair of the injured spinal cord. This review is divided into three parts: (1) degradable and non-degradable biomaterials; (2) device design; and (3) combination strategies with scaffolds. We will show that bioengineering combinations of cellular and non-cellular strategies have enhanced the potential for experimental SCI repair, although further pre-clinical work is required before this technology can be translated to humans.

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Evaluation of two cross-linked collagen gels implanted in the transected spinal cord

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Ascending sensory, but not other long‐tract axons, regenerate into the connective tissue matrix that forms at the site of a spinal cord injury in mice

Ascending sensory, but not other long‐tract axons, regenerate into the connective tissue matrix that forms at the site of a spinal cord injury in mice

Evaluating neuronal and glial growth on electrospun polarized matrices: bridging the gap in percussive spinal cord injuries

Bioengineered Strategies for Spinal Cord Repair

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