Evaluation of Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.) and wheat varieties cultivars for resistance to the root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus)

Abstract

Evaluation of Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoidesKoern SummaryRoot-lesion nematodes (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus) are serious plant parasitic nematodes that attack wheat roots and cause significant losses in grain quality and quantity worldwide. They are widely distributed in Turkish wheat growing areas and can be only controlled by growing resistant cultivars and nonhost crops. So far, there is no commercial wheat cultivar identified as completely resistant to the RLN is available. The objective of this research was to evaluate some Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides) and national spring wheat varieties for resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus. In the experiments, 32 wild Emmers and 42 wheat cultivars were inoculated with P. thornei or P. neglectus individuals and grown under controlled conditions in a growth room for 9 weeks. The results showed that 25 and 35 wheat varieties were moderately resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively. In total, 17 lines exhibiting multiple resistance reactions to both nematodes were in the same group with the check lines (P<0.05). The identified resistant wheat accessions showed improved levels of RLN resistance over current parents and could serve as an excellent genetic pool to be used in an efficient Turkish wheatbreeding programme.Keywords: Wheat, wild emmer, root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., resistance ÖzetKök lezyon nematodları (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei ve P. neglectus) buğday köklerine saldırarak, tahıl kalitesi ve miktarında küresel olarak önemli kayıplara neden olan önemli bir bitki paraziti nematod gurubudur. Türkiye'de buğday ekiliş alanlarında yaygın olarak bulunan bu nematodlarla ancak dayanıklı çeşitler ve rotasyonla mücadele etmek mümkündür. Maalesef bugüne kadar bu nematod gurubuna karşı tamamen dayanıklı olarak tanımlanan hiçbir ticari buğday çeşidi bulunamamıştır. Bu nedenle, buğday ıslah programlarında yüksek verimli ve kaliteli buğday çeşitlerine orta derecede (kısmi) dayanıklı ebeveynler kullanılarak dayanıklılık entegre edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı bazı Türk yabani Emmer'lerinin (Triticum dicoccoides) ve bazı ulusal yazlık buğday çeşitlerinin P. thornei ve P. neglectus'a karşı dayanıklılık durumlarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla her iki nematoda karşı yapılan iki farklı denemede, 32 yabani Emmer buğdayı ve 42 buğday çeşidinin, P. thornei veya P. neglectus bireylerine karşı dayanıklıkları 9 hafta boyunca kontrollü koşullar altında testlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, P. thornei ve P. neglectus'a karşı sırasıyla 25 ve 35 buğday çeşidinin orta derecede dayanıklılık reaksiyonu sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Toplamda 17 çeşit her iki nematoda karşı dayanıklılık göstermiştir (p <0.05). Elde edilen verilere göre, tespit edilen dayanıklı buğday çeşitlerinin mevcut hatlardan daha dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiş ve bu hatların Türkiye'deki ıslah programlarında mükemmel bir şekilde kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Evaluation of Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.) and wheat varieties for ...

Phytophagous nematodes in cereal fields in Niğde Province, Turkey

“…neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev &Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941], were the most widely distributed species. Toktay et al (2015) reported that 56% of wheat fields were infested with H. filipjevi in Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Igdir, Kars, Malatya and Sivas Provinces in the East Anatolia Region of Turkey. Imren et al (2016) reported that 83% of wheat fields were infested with H. filipjevi, in Bolu Province, Turkey.…”

“…Similarly, Imren et al (2015) did not found any genetic differentiation between H. filipjevi populations in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. However, Subbotin et al (2010) reported intraspecific polymorphism between H. filipjevi populations and Toktay et al (2015) also found intraspecific variation between populations in H. filipjevi from the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey.…”

Occurrence of plant parasitic nematode species in important crops in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey

“…Also, it is not feasible to use nematicide for control root lesion and cyst nematodes in wheat. So, studies on screening of resistant wheat genotypes and management strategy have been carried out in Turkey in recent years (Dababat et al, 2015;İmren et al, 2015;Toktay et al, 2015). Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949, M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood 1949, and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 have been detected in vegetables and known to infest many crops in Turkey.…”

The cyst nematode Heteroderalatipons Franklin, 1969 (Nemata: Heteroderidae): hatching behavior and development on wheat in arid and semiarid regions in Turkey

“…In Turkey, H. latipons was reported for the first time from two wheat growing areas, Kadınhanı and Yunak in Konya Province, by Rumpenhorst et al (1996). Later, it was reported from other areas and became recognized as a damaging pathogen for wheat-and barleyproducing areas in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Anatolia and the Eastern Mediterranean regions of Turkey (Sahin et al, 2010;İmren et al, 2012Toktay et al, 2015). Heterodera latipons causes significant crop losses particularly in temperate climates in arid and semiarid regions, and its damage is exacerbated when combined with drought stress (Rivoal and Cook, 1993).…”