Evaluation of Truck-Mounted Automated Flagger Assistance Devices in Missouri: Case Study

Qing, Zhu; Zhang, Siyang; Brown, Hilary; Sun, Carlos

doi:10.1061/jtepbs.0000271

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Driving simulators have been widely adopted in research studies, such as driver behavior study, vehicle design, and road design [14,35,8]. While no simulator has been developed and widely used for the ATMA system, some simulators were created for TMA studies [2,27,38]. These studies were mainly focused on evaluating TMA markings and warning signs by designing optional alternatives to TMA in the simulator.…”

Section: Simulator Studies Related To Atmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are a lime green and black inverted 'V' pattern, a red and white checkerboard pattern, a yellow and black inverted 'V' pattern, and an orange and white vertical striped pattern. Qing et al [27] tested traffic control methods at work zones using ZouSim Driving Simulator. In this evaluation, drivers' approaching speed and the full-stop distance in two scenarios are analyzed and compared.…”

Section: Simulator Studies Related To Atmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to specifications of a research topic, simulated driving scenarios are created. Some driving simulators have been designed for TMA studies [2,27,38], but not for the ATMA yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simulation Study of Passing Drivers' Responses to the Automated Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Qin³

2022

Preprint

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The Autonomous Truck-Mounted Attenuator (ATMA) system is a lead-follower vehicle system based on autonomous driving and connected vehicle technologies. The lead truck performs maintenance tasks on the road, and the unmanned follower truck is designed to improve the visibility of the moving work zone to passing vehicles and to protect workers and equipment. While the ATMA has been under testing by transportation maintenance and operations agencies in recent years, a simulator-based testing capability is a supplement, especially if human subjects are involved. This paper aims to discover how passing drivers perceive, understand, and react to the ATMA system in road maintenance accordingly. A driving simulator for ATMA studies is developed for collecting the driving data. Then, driving simulation experiments were performed, wherein a screen-based eye tracker collected sixteen subjects' gaze points and pupil diameters. Data analysis has evidenced the changes in the visual attention pattern of subjects when they were passing the ATMA. On average, the ATMA starts to attract subjects' attention from 500 ft behind the follower truck. Most (87.50%) understood the follower truck's protection purpose, and the majority (86.67%) reasoned the association between the two trucks. But still, many (43.75%) did not recognize that ATMA is a connected autonomous vehicle system. While all subjects safely changed lanes and attempted to pass the slow-moving ATMA, their inadequate understanding of ATMA is a potential risk, like cutting into the ATAM. Results implied that transportation maintenance and operations agencies should take this into consideration in establishing the deployment guidance.

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Section: Simulator Studies Related To Atmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulator Studies Related To Atmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simulation Study of Passing Drivers' Responses to the Automated Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Qin³

2022

Preprint

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“…According to specifications of the research topic, simulated driving scenarios are created. Some driving simulators have been designed for TMA studies (21)(22)(23), but not for the ATMA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Study of Passing Drivers’ Responses to the Autonomous Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

Wang

Qin

2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The autonomous truck-mounted attenuator (ATMA) system is a lead–follower vehicle system based on autonomous driving and connected vehicle technologies. The lead truck performs maintenance tasks on the road, and the unmanned follower truck alerts passing vehicles about the moving work zone and protects workers and the equipment. While the ATMA has been under testing by transportation maintenance and operations agencies recently, a simulator-based testing capability is a supplement, especially if human subjects are involved. This paper aims to discover how passing drivers perceive, understand, and react to the ATMA system in road maintenance. With the driving simulator developed for this ATMA study, the paper performed a simulation study wherein a screen-based eye tracker collected 16 subjects’ gaze points and pupil diameters. Data analysis evidenced the change in subjects’ visual attention patterns while passing the ATMA. On average, the ATMA starts to attract subjects’ attention from 500 ft behind the follower truck. Most (87.50%) understood the follower truck’s protection purpose, and many (60%) reasoned the association between the two trucks. Nevertheless, nearly half of the participants (43.75%) did not recognize that the ATMA is a connected autonomous vehicle system. While all subjects safely changed lanes and attempted to pass the slow-moving ATMA, their inadequate understanding of the ATMA is a potential risk, for issues such as cutting into the ATMA. The results implied that transportation maintenance and operations agencies should consider this in establishing the deployment guidance.

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“…For example, arrow panels can be used to alert drivers of upcoming lane drops, traffic barriers and cones can be used to separate the work area from the traffic area, warning lights can signal workers ahead, trailers can have reflective materials to serve as visual cues for oncoming road users, and flaggers can complement these TCDs to direct the traffic. Individually, past studies (Qing et al, 2019;Rahman et al, 2017;Rea et al, 2018) have verified the effectiveness of some of these devices in improving safety. However, the design of these devices, has important implications for road users' visual attention and ultimately, workers' safety.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eye-Tracking for Traffic Control Signage Design at Highway Work Zone

Tang¹,

Adebisi²

2022

IJSW

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This paper discusses the application of Eye Tracking (ET) technologies for researchers to understand a driver’s perception of signage at the highway work zone. Combining ET within a screen-based motion pictures and a driving simulator, the team developed an analytical method that allowed designers to evaluate signage design. Two experiments were set up to investigate how signage design might affect a driver’s visual attention and interaction under various environmental complexities and glare conditions. The study explores the visual perception related to several spatial features, including signage modality, scene complexity, and color schemes. The ET method utilizes total fixation time and time to first fixation data to evaluate the effectiveness of signage presented through screen-based video and a driving simulator.

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Evaluation of Truck-Mounted Automated Flagger Assistance Devices in Missouri: Case Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

A Simulation Study of Passing Drivers' Responses to the Automated Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

A Simulation Study of Passing Drivers' Responses to the Automated Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

Simulation Study of Passing Drivers’ Responses to the Autonomous Truck-Mounted Attenuator System in Road Maintenance

Using Eye-Tracking for Traffic Control Signage Design at Highway Work Zone

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