Evaluation of Traditional Herb Extract Salvia officinalis in Treatment of Alzheimers Disease

Abstract

S. officinalis has numerous common names. Some of the best known are sage, common sage, garden sage, ABSTRACT Aim and Objective: Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects older individuals. It is the most common cause of dementia and it is associated with the presence of senile plaques which are deposition of beta-amyloidal protein in the hippocampus area of the brain. Medicinal plants have played vital role in world health. In spite of the great advances observed in modern medicine in recent decades, plants still make an important contribution to health care. The present study is done to evaluate Salvia officinalis, for in vivo study on Alzheimer's disease induced mice. Materials and Methodology: Memory Enhancing Activity, Conditioned avoidance test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, Measurement of Locomotor Activity were done to assess memory & cognitive functioning. The isolated brain homogenate is estimated for reduced glutathione content, Acetyl cholinesterase Activity, Superoxide dismutase assay (SOD), Lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS), Glutathione peroxidase assay (GSH-Px) and Histopathology examination of brain was performed and analyzed. Results and Discussion: The elevated level of enzymes and decreased level of tissue antioxidant markers were observed in treatment comparative to piracetam treatment group. While 300 mg/kg extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of the enzymes and also significantly increased the tissue antioxidant levels, while decreased the glutathione levels when compared with the control. Conclusion: The histopathological study confirmed the recovery. The herbal extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) has shown effectiveness against Alzheimer's disease.

Phyto-chemical and biological activity of Myristica fragrans, an ayurvedic medicinal plant in Southern India and its ingredient analysis

“…After which two glass beads were added and was made up to 10 mL using distilled water. The mixture was boiled at 95 °C and 1 mL of water, n-butanol / pyridine (5 mL) was included and centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm ( Datta and Patil, 2020 , Gyawali et al, 2020 ). The absorbance at 532 nm was taken and the inhibition percentage was determined using the formula, …”

Promising Strategies to Reduce the SARS-CoV-2 Amyloid Deposition in the Brain and Prevent COVID-19-Exacerbated Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Salvia officinalis is a fragrant herb that is widely used in the treatment of AD [ 250 , 251 ]. Salvia contains more than 160 different polyphenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, and flavonoids.…”

“…These compounds can be found in the essential oils of the plant. Plants also contain significant quantities of diterpenes and triterpene acids, including tanshinones, carnosic acid, carnosol, and ursolic acid [ 249 , 250 , 251 ]. Salvia has great potential for promoting brain homeostasis and improving cognitive function.…”

“…Salvia has great potential for promoting brain homeostasis and improving cognitive function. Indeed, Salvia officinalis has been shown to have anti-Aβ, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties [ 249 , 250 , 251 ]. Salvia officinalis also demonstrates stimulating effects on the muscarinic and cholinergic pathways of the regulation of memory retention and formation, suggesting its supporting influences on cognitive properties.…”

An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species

“…Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) is a seleno-enzyme present in the cytosol and mitochondria that catalyzes the reaction of hydroperoxides with reduced GSH, forming glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and the reduction product of hydroperoxide. Antioxidant activity is detected by monitoring the conversion of NADPH to NADP + [104]. Another assay exploits the following enzymes: glutathione-S-transferase (GSt) [105], superoxide dismutase (SOD) [106], catalase (CAT) [86], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ac (gGT) [106], and glutathione reductase (GR) [107].…”