Evaluation of tourism environmental comfort and its spatio-temporal differentiation: a case study of West Lake in Hangzhou, China

Abstract

Tourism environmental comfort (TEC) is a key factor for tourists to make travel decisions and choose trip patterns at the destination, which further affects the time span as well as the utility rate. Climate and environment are two major elements that affect TEC at an attraction area. While much research has been done on climatic comfort, little is found on the impacts of environmental factors. With increasing environmental pressure such as noise and air quality caused by over鄄crowding and heavy traffic, environmental factors have been found to have great effects on TEC at attraction areas in

Thermal Regulation of Coastal Urban Forest Based on ENVI-Met Model—A Case Study in Qinhuangdao, China

“…In recent years, many microclimate and thermal comfort related research mainly focused on the thermal environment in different urban environmental sites in inland areas [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Such as indoor and outdoor buildings [10], urban parks [14][15][16][17][18][19], streets [20][21][22][23][24], and the influence of plant species and forest types on thermal comfort [25][26][27][28].…”