Evaluation of total white blood cell count as a marker for proviral load of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle from herds with a high seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus

Álvarez, Irene; Gutiérrez, Gerónimo; Gammella, Mariela; Martínez, Cecilia; Politzki, Romina; González, Cintia Daniela; Caviglia, Luciana; Carignano, Hugo Adrián; Fondevila, Norberto; Poli, M. A.; Trono, K.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.74.5.744

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…WBC count reference intervals (i.e., mean ± 2 SD) for BLV-negative and BLV-positive groups have been ranged from 5,906 to 16,609 WBCs/µL and from 4,710 to 29,322 WBCs/µL, respectively ( Table 2). Our results are consistent with the data of other authors, wherein the correlation of total WBC counts and BLV proviral loads in BLV-infected animals has been investigated [45,46]. It is despite the fact, that apart from BLV infection, the increase of the number of WBCs can be the consequence of inflammation, stress, injury, leukemia, and other infections [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Bovine leukemia virus pre-miRNA genes’ polymorphism

Zyrianova¹,

Kovalchuk²

2018

RNA Biology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Bovine leukemia virus pre-miRNA genes’ polymorphism

Zyrianova¹,

Kovalchuk²

2018

RNA Biology

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“…Animals with an increase in white cell count of three standard deviations above the median and with similar counts for a period of not less than two months can be considered to have PL [21]. Over the last decade, major studies involving infected animals have allowed a more thorough classification [2,11,15,16]. Within the PL group, all animals carry a high proviral load and develop a strong immune response against the major antigenic proteins of the viral particle, p24 and gp51, and these are called the high proviral load (HPL) group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of TNF-α gene promoter region polymorphisms in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle with different proviral loads

et al. 2015

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the immune response against viral and other infections. Its expression levels are affected by a polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene. Bovine leukemia virus is a retrovirus that infects cattle and develops two different infection profiles in the host. One profile is characterized by a high number of proviral copies integrated into the host genome and a strong immune response against the virus, while the most relevant property of the other profile is that the number of copies integrated into the host genome is almost undetectable and the immune response is very weak. We selected a population of cattle sufficiently large for statistical analysis and classified them according to whether they had a high or low proviral load (HPL or LPL). Polymorphisms in the promoter region were identified by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that, in the HPL group, the three possible genotypes were normally distributed and that, in the LPL group, there was a significant association between the proviral load and a low frequency of the G/G genotype at position -824.

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“…Real-time PCR and ELISA are widely used in Japan to identify BLV-infected dairy cattle (Nishiike et al, 2016). The test and segregate or test and manage strategy has been practiced in Argentina as well (Gutiérrez et al, 2011(Gutiérrez et al, , 2012Alvarez et al, 2013). Quantitative real-time PCR has been used to determine proviral load (PVL) in Japan (Jimba et al, 2010;Jimba et al, 2012), and BLV-infected cows with PL have been shown to have significantly higher PVL than AL cows (Ohno et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Jimba et al (2012) suggested only partial correlation between PVL per 100,000 peripheral white blood cells measured using real-time PCR and serological results. A hematological approach showed that white blood cell count was correlated with blood PVL and can be a good monitoring tool (Alvarez et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of circulating bovine leukemia virus levels using conventional blood cell counts

Nakada

Kohara

Makita

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widely prevalent in Japanese dairy farms. To control BLV infections in Japan, segregating or managing cows according to their proviral load (PVL) is a rational strategy. This study was conducted to establish a quantitative procedure for estimating blood PVL per microliter using a statistical model to offer a cost-effective alternative to the conventional quantitative real-time PCR method. In total, 250 Holstein cows infected with BLV were identified from 10 commercial dairy farms. Information on age was collected and blood samples were tested for white blood cell and lymphocyte counts and PVL using PCR. Generalized linear models with quasi-Poisson errors were used to estimate PVL by selecting age, logarithm of lymphocyte count, and their interaction term as explanatory variables. To evaluate the model, blood samples of 92 BLV-infected Holstein cows from 2 other commercial dairy farms were tested, and measured PVL values were compared with estimated PVL values by the model. The logPVL per microliter was modeled by positive associations with log lymphocyte count and age and a negative association with the interaction term. In the evaluation, measured PVL values had a strong correlation with estimated PVL values (Spearman's ρ = 0.87). In conclusion, our model provides a cost-effective and more rapid alternative to the conventional method to facilitate test and segregation or management of BLV-suspected cows.

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Evaluation of total white blood cell count as a marker for proviral load of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle from herds with a high seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Bovine leukemia virus pre-miRNA genes’ polymorphism

Bovine leukemia virus pre-miRNA genes’ polymorphism

Association of TNF-α gene promoter region polymorphisms in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle with different proviral loads

Estimation of circulating bovine leukemia virus levels using conventional blood cell counts

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