Evaluation of topical pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopy including factors associated with patient tolerance

Flavored anesthetic lozenge versus Xylocaine spray used as topical pharyngeal anesthesia for unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

“…Mulcahy et al [10] found that more than onethird of patients request sedation after undergoing unsedated EGD. The use of midazolam as sedation in EGD is found to be beneficial and to improve patient tolerance [15,16]. In reality, the need of nursing care for sedated patients after the procedure makes the use of sedation unpopular in our locality.…”

Study of ideal topical pharyngeal anesthesia in upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

“…The study also showed that anxiety scores measured before endoscopy had a significant effect over tolerance (23). In another study, it was determined that TPA decreased the discomfort of patients who were under 40 years during endoscopy and in whom endoscopy was performed for the first time, while the high anxiety level increased discomfort during the procedure (6). Consistent with the literature, in our study, we found a positive correlation between age and the satisfaction score and a negative correlation between compliance to procedure and anxiety scores.…”

Modified mallampati classification as a clinical predictor of peroral esophagogastroduodenoscopy tolerance

“…Factors associated with poor EGD tolerance include young age [1,2,12-14], being female [13,15,16], a non-smoker [17], having low education [13,15], a poor previous EGD experience [15], and high anxiety prior to EGD [12,13,15,18,19]. To our knowledge, this report is the first demonstration that MMC is significantly associated with EGD tolerance as defined by endoscopist assessment, patient satisfaction, or a change in vital signs.…”

“…Endoscopist assessment may be the most important indicator of EGD tolerance for the clinical physician. Subjective predictors such as pre-EGD anxiety [12,13,15,18,19] and previous EGD experience [15] may be influenced by procedure time, volume of insufflated air into the stomach, frequent pushing and pulling of the endoscope, and the doctor-patient relationship. Patient satisfaction partially depended on the recall from pre-EGD anxiety and previous EGD experience and cannot, therefore, be an independent indicator of EGD tolerance.…”