Evaluation of Timepix3 Si and CdTe Hybrid-Pixel Detectors’ Spectrometric Performances on X- and Gamma-Rays

Amoyal, Guillaume; Ménesguen, Y.; Schoepff, Vincent; Carrel, F.; Michel, Maugan; Angélique, Jean-Claude; Lanaute, N. Blanc de

doi:10.1109/tns.2020.3041831

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Figure 1b shows the energy resolution decreasing with energy. Similar behavior has already been reported in literature [26][27][28] and can be described by the following equation:…”

Section: Energy Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, the detection of backscatter X-rays has become an essential part of road security scanners, where individuals are at risk of an accidental exposure to the pulsed photon radiation fields generated by the devices that implement this technique. Dose to soft-tissue measurements of a pulsed radiation field generated by a commercial cargo X-ray backscattering device are presented using a Timepix3 detector. To accurately estimate the imparted dose, the energy spectrum of a backscattering cargo scanner is measured with a thick CdZnTe hybrid semiconductor pixel detector. The deconvolution of this measured spectrum is performed and the contributions to the dose are calculated by means of the mass energy-absorption coefficients for soft-tissue. This methodology was assessed through a Monte-Carlo simulation, together with verification measurements using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) as a standard dosimetry system. Measurements of direct irradiation, for a 30 s scan with the device at 2 m from the detector, yielded a dose of (4.9 ± 0.7) μGy and (3.6 ± 0.3) μGy for the Timepix3 and TLDs, respectively. In a simulated cargo environment, with the detector behind a 1 mm thick steel wall, 30 s scan time, and 2 m source to detector distance, the dose measured by the Timepix3 was (1.7 ± 0.1) μGy, while for the TLDs (1.4 ± 0.6) μGy, showing that the proposed methodology has a similar response as compared to a standard dosimetry system.

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“…Figure 1b shows the energy resolution decreasing with energy. Similar behavior has already been reported in literature [26][27][28] and can be described by the following equation:…”

Section: Energy Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

et al. 2023

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“…The energy calibration was set following the method described in [6], and was performed in the energy range from 15 keV to 1.3 MeV. The energy calibration allows for spectrometric performances such that for photons with an energy > 80 keV, energy resolution is < 10 %, and the relative error on measured energy is < 0.5 % for photons with an energy > 25 keV [7].…”

Section: A Timepix3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CdTe volume is irradiated by a source emitting photons with an energy of 662 keV (Cs-137), located at 1 m in front of the detection volume. For those Monte-Carlo simulations, energy resolutions of Timepix3 [7]; and its 55 µm pixelisation are taken into account. Figure 6 shows the evolution of the number of Compton cones, as a function of the distance between the position of Compton scattering and absorption.…”

Section: 𝑃(𝛽) ∝ 𝐾(𝛽 𝐸) Sin 𝛽 𝑑𝜑 ∝ 2𝜋 • 𝐾(𝛽 𝐸) Sin 𝛽 (Ii-1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a hybrid gamma camera based on Timepix3 for nuclear industry applications

Amoyal

Schoepff

Carrel

et al. 2021

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Pixel detectors based on CdTe or CZT typically feature thicknesses up to 2 mm and profit from a larger absorption efficiency in the photon energy range above ∼100 keV [10]. Currently, the thickest sensor evaluated with Timepix [11] family ASIC is a 3 mm thick CdTe sensor [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a 5 mm thick CZT-Timepix3 pixel detector for energy-dispersive γ-ray and particle tracking

Smolyanskiy,

Bergmann,

Burian

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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The present manuscript describes a comprehensive characterization of a novel highly segmented 5 mm CZT sensor attached to Timepix3. First, the sensor’s IV curve was measured and basic sensor characterization was done with laboratory γ-radiation sources. The sensor resistivity was determined to be (0.155± 0.02) GOhm · cm. The sensor showed decent homogeneity, both for the per-pixel count rate and electron mobility-lifetime product μ e τ e. The latter was measured to be μ e τ e ¯ = 1.3 × 10−3 cm2/V with a standard deviation σ = 0.4 × 10−3 cm2/V describing the dispersion of values for different pixels. The basic sensor characterization is complemented by measurements at grazing angle in a 120 GeV/c at the CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron. The penetrating nature of these particles together with the pixelation of the sensor allows for a determination of the charge collection efficiency (CCE), as well as charge carrier drift properties (drift times, lateral charge cloud expansion) as a function of the interaction depths in the sensor. While CCE drops by 30%–40% towards the cathode side of the sensor, from the drift time dependency on interaction depth, the electron mobility μ e was extracted to be (944.8 ± 1.3) cm2/V/s and τ e = (1.38 ± 0.31) μs. The spectroscopic performance was assessed in photon fields and extracted from energy loss spectra measured at different angles in the pion beam. While at photon energies below 120 keV incomplete charge collection leads to an underestimation of the photon energy when irradiated from the front-side, at higher energies the relative energy resolution was found to be ∼4.5%, while a relative energy resolution of ∼7.5% was found for the particle energy loss spectra. It is shown that the drift time information can be used to reconstruct particle interactions in the sensor in 3D, providing a spatial resolution of σ xyz = 241 μm within the sensor volume and a particle trajectory measurement precision Δxyz = 100 μm, at a distance of 1 m from the sensor. We demonstrate by measurement with a 22Na source, that the energy resolution combined with the 3D reconstruction allows for detection of γ-ray source location and polarity using Compton scattering within the sensor (Compton camera and scatter polarimeter).

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Evaluation of Timepix3 Si and CdTe Hybrid-Pixel Detectors’ Spectrometric Performances on X- and Gamma-Rays

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

Dose estimation in X-ray backscatter imaging with Timepix3 and TLD detectors

Development of a hybrid gamma camera based on Timepix3 for nuclear industry applications

Characterization of a 5 mm thick CZT-Timepix3 pixel detector for energy-dispersive γ-ray and particle tracking

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