Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris Extract on Hippocampal Injury Induced by Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rat

Setorki, Mahbubeh; Mirzapoor, Sahar

doi:10.5812/zjrms.9216

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These results might be attributed to the antioxidant activity of thyme and indicate its efficient neuroprotective effect against oxidativestress-mediated tissue injury. In coincide with our results, (21) reported that thyme have neuroprotective effect against hippocampal injury induced by cerebral ischeamia-reperfusion through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. For studying the histological changes in the postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex, ultra-examination was confined to the granular cells because its unique migratory pattern and its important role in cerebellar diseases (33) .…”

Section: B-experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Prenatal and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar granule cells following maternal administration of thyme and tramadol

Mohamed

Ghait

2022

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Introduction: Tramadol abuse is increasing among male and female teenagers with a history of substance abuse and anxiety. Many adolescent addicts take tramadol as substitute for other narcotics. Tramadol uptake is associated with many side effects. Thyme has been presumed to have a neuroprotective effect against brain damage. Aim of the work:To assess the harmful effects of tramadol on the pre and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar granule cells and to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of thyme if being administered with tramadol simultaneously.Material & Methods: Three sets of forty-eight mature female albino rats were randomly organized into three equal groups; control (G1), tramadol treated (G2) and tramadol+thyme treated (G3). After pregnancy, the pregnant rats of each group were categorized into a group designed to be sacrificed at the gestational ages 13 th , 16th and 19 th for the prenatal study. In the other pregnant rat group, their offspring were further subdivided according to their ages into 3 subgroups (newborn, 10 th and 20 th postnatal day) for postnatal evaluation. G1 was not given any treatment. Tramadol HCL (40 mg/Kg/day) dissolved in tab water was given orally to G2. Tramadol (40 mg/Kg/day) and thyme extract (500 mg/kg/day) were given orally to G3. A light, electron microscopic examination and morphometric analysis were performed in the study. Results: By light and electron microscopic examination, there were degenerative and apoptotic changes in the cerebellar cortex of G2. G3 showed improvement in histological changes. Morphometric results showed a decrease in the cerebellar cortex thickness between the G1 and G2 which was significant and an increase in the cerebellar cortex thickness G3 when compared with that of G2. Conclusion:The study assigns that tramadol administration induces adverse effects on the prenatal and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar cortex. It also highlights an improving role of thyme in tramadol-induced cerebellar cortex injury of the pre and postnatal development.

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Section: B-experimental Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…(20). It has been demonstrated to protect the brain against harmful metabolites, and its neuroprotective processes may be connected to the inhibition of neuroactive enzymes (21) (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar granule cells following maternal administration of thyme and tramadol

Mohamed

Ghait

2022

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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“…The significant reduction of all these impairments with the pretreatment with O. gratissimum aqueous extract or piracetam suggests a neuroprotective activity of the plant extract. Similar observations were made with Thymus vulgari ethanolic extract on injury induced by transient global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rat [20]. This finding confirms the neuroprotective activity of Ocimum gratissimum formally evaluated [21] with ethanolic extract from the leaves against focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The increase in MDA following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was prevented with Antiaris africana leaf extract [5]. "The prevention of the decrease in the amount of GSH by MCAO ischemia with the plant extract pretreatment may give insight and then corroborate the reports from several studies on ROS generation as a cellular event that leads to oxidative neuronal damage in MCAO induced cerebral ischemia" [5,10,20]. It can then be suggested that, in addition of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, O. gratissimum exerts its antioxidant activity by inhibiting GSH depletion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Aqueous Extract Can Minimize Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rat’s Brain

Bilanda

Sandy

Kandeda

et al. 2022

JOCAMR

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Background and Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is widely used in traditional medicine for its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Stroke is an important factor of disability and death worldwide causing brain injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum on middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rat. Experimental Procedure: The rats (48) were divided into 8 groups of 6 animals each and treated as followed: 3 groups receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg); one piracetam (250 mg/kg) and 4 groups receiving the plant extract (30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) for 3 days. On the fourth day, ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on the groups receiving piracetam and extract. As for the 3 groups receiving distilled water, one was not operated; one was operated without MCAO (sham operated) while the last one was operated with MCAO. The temperature, neurological function through behavioral tests, heat sensibility, and open arena tests were assessed. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the region of the brain affected by MCAO. Results and Conclusion: Three days pretreatment with the plant extract prevented the drop of temperature and heat sensibility, reduced the neurological score and associated anxiety-like behavior. The extract also prevented inflammation and oxidative stress induced by MCAO in the brain. All these observations suggest that Ocimum gratissimum by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies can protect the brain against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury.

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“…Thyme was reported to have neuroprotective effect against hippocampal injury induced by cerebral ischeamia-reperfusion through inhibition of oxidative stress. 49 …”

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confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress/PERK/apoptotic pathways interaction contribute to tramadol neurotoxicity in rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex and thyme enhances the antioxidant defense system: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Sarhan

Taalab

2018

Int J Sci Rep

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Background: Tramadol is an opioid analgesic with several adverse reactions. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying tramadol neurotoxicity. Importantly, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is a key ER-downstream pathway that mediates apoptosis. We aimed to determine the cellular stresses interaction that mediates PERK-induced apoptosis in tramadol-treated rats and to assess the effect of thyme in enhancing the antioxidant defense system in the face of such stresses.Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. Control group, thyme group received thyme extract (500 mg/kg/day) orally. Tramadol group received tramadol HCL (40 mg/Kg/day) dissolved in saline orally. Tramadol + Thyme group received tramadol and thyme extract. After 30 days, frontal motor and cerebellar cortex specimens were biochemically assessed for oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluated for histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes. Results: Tramadol group showed a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with a reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. Histologically and ultrastructurally, there were remarkable degenerative and apoptotic changes in the neurons and glial cells. In parallel, we detected a significant increase in integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF compared to control. Tramadol + Thyme group showed improvement in oxidative stress parameters, histological and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF were significantly lower than Tramadol group.Conclusions: Oxidative and ER stress-mediated PERK/apoptosis axis corroborates to the tramadol-induced neurotoxicity. Therapeutic strategies enhancing antioxidant activity and/or blocking ROS-mediated ER stress pathway may resolve tramadol neurotoxicity.

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Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris Extract on Hippocampal Injury Induced by Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rat

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Prenatal and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar granule cells following maternal administration of thyme and tramadol

Prenatal and postnatal development of the rat cerebellar granule cells following maternal administration of thyme and tramadol

Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Aqueous Extract Can Minimize Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rat’s Brain

Oxidative stress/PERK/apoptotic pathways interaction contribute to tramadol neurotoxicity in rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex and thyme enhances the antioxidant defense system: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

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