Evaluation of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 as diagnostic biomarkers in calves with sepsis

Abstract

Early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in patients are crucial for their survival and can help reduce mortality rates. Novel biomarkers, such as thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3, have been used as diagnostic, prognostic and mortality indicators in patients with sepsis. Plasma thrombomodulin is a vascular endothelial membrane-bound glycoprotein and pentraxin-3 is an acute-phase protein. In the present study, thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels were determined in calves with sepsis, to determine their diagnostic values as well as usefulness as indicators of health status. To this end, 20 neonatal calves with sepsis (G1) and ten healthy neonatal calves (G2) were used. Additionally, group G1 was also divided into two groups consisting of surviving (G1-S; n = 9) and non-surviving calves (G1-NS; n = 11). A single blood sample was collected from all the calves and the prepared serum samples were used to measure thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels using bovine-specific ELISA kits. The serum concentrations of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the G1 group than in G2. Thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 levels were also found to be higher in the G1-NS group than in G1-S but the difference was not significant. We conclude that thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 may have some diagnostic value in calves with sepsis. Furthermore, these findings may also help in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis in neonatal calves. Further studies are required to determine the importance of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in calves with sepsis and to evaluate the concentrations of these biomarkers also in other disease states.Keywords: haematology; leucocytosis; biomarker; acute-phase protein; neonatal calves List of abbreviations CRP = C-reactive protein, CRT = capillary refill time, DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation, GRA = granulocyte, HCT = haematocrit, MAP = mean arterial pressure, PLT = platelet, PTX3 = pentraxin-3, RBC = red blood cell, SEM = standard error of the mean, SpO 2 = peripheral oxygen saturation, TLR = toll-like receptor, TM = thrombomodulin, WBC = white blood cell

Sepsisli Buzağılarda İz Elementler ve Makrominerallerin Seviyeleri

“…Furthermore, clinical symptoms related to hypotension and decreased cardiac output (prolonged capillary refill time, diminished peripheral pulses, cold extremities, decreased urine output) are evident and usually hypovolemia develops [1,4,15] . The findings for the diagnosis of sepsis according to observed hyperthermia/hypothermia, tachypnea, dehydration, tachycardia/ bradycardia, depression, loss of sucking reflex, cold feeling in mouth, cooling down in extremities and in some cases, lateral recumbence, coma and prolonged capillary refill time used in this study are similar to clinical findings of sepsis (Table 1) stated in previous studies [1,4,[14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

Investigation of cytokine levels in calves with sepsis

“…As a result of clinical examinations, calves with at least two of the criteria Aygun and Yildiz, 2018;Yıldız et al, 2018;Coskun et al, 2020) of SIRS (leukopenia/leukocytosis, hypothermia/hyperthermia, tachypnea, bradycardia/tachycardia) together with an existing or suspected infection were diagnosed with sepsis and included in the study. Diarrhoea (n=31), pneumonia (n=2) and omphalitis (n=1) were observed in the calves with sepsis.…”

“…This may result in sepsis, mostly caused by gram-negative bacteria, in newborn livestock (Aldridge et al, 1993;Constable et al, 2018). Sepsis can be diagnosed by finding at least 2 SIRS criteria (hyperthermia/hypothermia, bradycardia/tachycardia, tachypnea, leukopenia/leukocytosis) together with a suspected or existing infection Aygun and Yildiz, 2018;Yıldız et al, 2018;Coskun et al, 2020).…”

“…Severe sepsis is sepsis accompanied by organ dys-function (Constable et al, 2018). Since organ dysfunction also occurs in the advanced stages of sepsis, some important changes can be observed in biochemical parameters related to the organ and the severity of the dysfunction (Basoglu et al, 2014;Aygun and Yildiz, 2018;Basoglu et al, 2018;Yıldız et al, 2018;Coskun et al, 2020).…”

Investigations of Cardiac Functions and Organ Damages in Neonatal Calves with Suscepted Sepsis

“…Several biomarkers are used to detect myocardial injuries and cardiac dysfunctions in both human and animals. These biomarkers are include pentraxin-3, soluble FAS (sFAS), lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LDH 1 ), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, LDH, AST and CK-MB are not have good predictive and diagnostic value in myocardial injury (10,11).…”