Evaluation of Three Winter Cereals for Weed Control in Conservation-Tillage Nontransgenic Cotton

Reeves, D. W.; Price, Andrew J.; Patterson, Michael G.

doi:10.1614/wt-04-245r1.1

Cited by 72 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Spatial scale is particularly important in pest management because landscape features affect species interactions, microclimates and weather patterns and can have notable effects on pests by changing habitat patterns and immigration rates (Colunga-G et al 1998). Initially attempts were made to apply the theory of island biogeography (MacArthur & Wilson 1963, 1967 to agricultural settings (Reeves et al 2005). By treating crop fields as islands, the theory predicts that the number of species inhabiting a field is the result of immigration and extinction rates, leading over time to equilibrium in species richness.…”

Section: Issues Of Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic interactions, ecological knowledge and agriculture

Shennan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

179

126

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This paper discusses biotic interactions in agroecosystems and how they may be manipulated to support crop productivity and environmental health by provision of ecosystem services such as weed, pest and disease management, nutrient cycling and biodiversity conservation. Important elements for understanding biotic interactions include consideration of the effects of diversity, species composition and food web structure on ecosystem processes; the impacts of timing, frequency and intensity of disturbance; and the importance of multitrophic interactions. All of these elements need to be considered at multiple scales that depend in part on the range of the movement of the organisms involved. These issues are first discussed in general, followed by an examination of the application of these concepts in agricultural management. The potential for a greater use of ecological management approaches is high; however, owing to the nature of complex interactions in ecosystems, there is some inherent unpredictability about responses to management interventions under different conditions. Such uncertainty needs to be accommodated in the development of recommendations for farm management. This requires an increased emphasis on the effective synthesis of complex and often apparently contradictory information and on field-based adaptive research, monitoring and social learning by farmer/researcher collaborations.

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Section: Issues Of Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic interactions, ecological knowledge and agriculture

Shennan

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

179

126

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“…Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) has been well documented for both high biomass potential and allelopathic properties by several researchers [42,43,[48][49][50][51][52]. Several studies on cover crops have reported excellent early-season weed control that can preclude the use of preemergence herbicides in crops [39,41,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. However, the success of a cover crop in early-season weed suppression is determined by the biomass production potential which varies with year, location and management practices [37,48,53,56,60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Palmer Amaranth Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton: I. Soil-Inversion, High-Residue Cover Crops and Herbicide Regimes

et al. 2012

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A three year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of soil-inversion, cover crops and herbicide regimes for Palmer amaranth between-row (BR) and within-row (WR) management in glufosinate-resistant cotton. The main plots were two soil-inversion treatments: fall inversion tillage (IT) and non-inversion tillage (NIT). The subplots were three cover crop treatments: crimson clover, cereal rye and winter fallow; and sub subplots were four herbicide regimes: preemergence (PRE) alone, postemergence (POST) alone, PRE + POST and a no herbicide check (None). The PRE herbicide regime consisted of a single application of pendimethalin at 0.84 kg ae ha −1 plus fomesafen at 0.28 kg ai ha −1 . The POST herbicide regime consisted of a single application of glufosinate at 0.60 kg ai ha −1 plus S-metolachlor at 0.54 kg ai ha −1 and the PRE + POST regime combined the prior two components. At 2 weeks after planting (WAP) cotton, Palmer amaranth densities, both BR and WR, were reduced ≥90% following all cover crop treatments in the IT. In the NIT, crimson clover reduced Palmer amaranth densities >65% and 50% compared to winter fallow and cereal rye covers, respectively. At 6 WAP, the PRE and PRE + POST herbicide regimes in both IT and NIT reduced BR and WR Palmer amaranth densities >96% over the three years. Additionally, the BR density was reduced OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2012, 2 296≥59% in no-herbicide (None) following either cereal rye or crimson clover when compared to no-herbicide in the winter fallow. In IT, PRE, POST and PRE + POST herbicide regimes controlled Palmer amaranth >95% 6 WAP. In NIT, Palmer amaranth was controlled ≥79% in PRE and ≥95% in PRE + POST herbicide regimes over three years. POST herbicide regime following NIT was not very consistent. Averaged across three years, Palmer amaranth controlled ≥94% in PRE and PRE + POST herbicide regimes regardless of cover crop. Herbicide regime effect on cotton yield was highly significant; the maximum cotton yield was produced by the PRE + POST herbicide regime. Averaged over three years, the PRE, POST and PRE + POST cotton yields were about three times higher than no herbicide regime. In a conservation tillage production system, a PRE + glufosinate POST herbicide based regime coupled with a cereal rye cover crop may effectively control Palmer amaranth and maximize cotton yields.

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“…to reduce weed germination and growth over winter fallow conservation systems due to mulching and allelopathic affects (Barnes and Putnam 1985;Teasdale 1991;Reeves et al 2005;Price et al 2006;2008a;2008c;Culpepper et al 2009; ]). Previous research has also shown that weed suppression by residue is mainly influenced by biomass amount (Teasdale et al 2000;Price et al 2005).…”

Section: Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth: A threat to conservation tillage

Schomberg¹

2011

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

146

149

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Conservation tillage reduces the physical movement of soil to the minimum required for crop establishment and production. When consistently practiced as a soil and crop management system, it greatly reduces soil erosion and is recognized for the potential to improve soil quality and water conservation and plant available water. Adoption of conservation tillage increased dramatically with the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops that permitted in-season, over-the-top use of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine), a broad-spectrum herbicide with very low mammalian toxicity and minimal potential for off-site movement in soil or water. Glyphosate-resistant crops are currently grown on approximately 70 million ha (173 million ac) worldwide. The United States has the most hectares (45 million ha [99 million ac]) of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant cultivars and the greatest number of hectares (46 million ha [114 million ac]) in conservation tillage. The practice of conservation tillage is now threatened by the emergence and rapid spread of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri [S.] Wats.), one of several amaranths commonly called pigweeds. First identified in Georgia, it now has been reported in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Another closely related dioecious amaranth, or pigweed, common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer), has also developed resistance to glyphosate in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. Hundreds of thousands of conservation tillage hectares, some currently under USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service conservation program contracts, are at risk of being converted to higher-intensity tillage systems due to the inability to control these glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus species in conservation tillage systems using traditional technologies. The decline of conservation tillage is inevitable without the development and rapid adoption of integrated, effective weed control strategies. Traditional and alternative weed control strategies, such as the utilization of crop and herbicide rotation and integration of high residue cereal cover crops, are necessary in order to sustain conservation tillage practices. Key words: conservation tillage-herbicide resistance-resistant pigweedThe benefits of conservation tillage are under threat. Crop production has historically relied on tillage to prepare a smooth, weed-free seedbed and to incorporate fertilizer and lime (Gebhardt et al. 1985). Conservation tillage systems were originally developed to reduce soil erosion but have more recently been recognized for improving soil quality and water availability (Reeves 1994(Reeves , 1997Kaspar et al. 2001). Large-scale successful implementation of conservation tillage across the United States came only after the introduction of broad-spectrum herbicides for weed control and the development of planters capable of penetrating crop residues to place seed directly into the soil (Triplett and Dick 2008)...

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Evaluation of Three Winter Cereals for Weed Control in Conservation-Tillage Nontransgenic Cotton

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Biotic interactions, ecological knowledge and agriculture

Biotic interactions, ecological knowledge and agriculture

Integrated Palmer Amaranth Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton: I. Soil-Inversion, High-Residue Cover Crops and Herbicide Regimes

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth: A threat to conservation tillage

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