Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness.

Abstract

Circadian rhythms, cyclic fluctuations in many physiological and psychological functions, are thought to influence adjustment to shiftwork. A widely acknowledged individual difference in circadian rhythms, commonly called morningness, indicates preferences associated with morning or evening activities. Various self-report instruments have been developed to measure morningness, although little measurement data have been published for these scales. Because morningness scales are being used to select workers for night shiftwork, psychometric evaluations of these scales are needed. Psychometric assessments of undergraduate responses (N = 501) on three widely used scales indicate internal (interitem) measurement deficiencies in all three. Therefore, a 13-item scale was developed that distills the best items from two of these scales. Relationships between the new composite scale and external criteria are comparable with or stronger than similar relationships between the published scales and external criteria.

A descriptive study of non-obese persons with night eating syndrome and a weight-matched comparison group

“…The following additional assessments were conducted with all participants: Eating Disorder Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993), Eating Inventory (EI; Stunkard & Messick, 1985), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, 1996), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (QLES-Q; Endicott, Nee, Harrison, & Blumenthal, 1993), Morningness-Eveningness Scale (ME; Smith, Reilly, & Midkiff, 1989), Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ; Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer,1989), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; Johns, 1994).…”

Morning or Evening person? Which type are you? Self-assessment of chronotype

“…The terms "morning-types" and "evening-types" were adapted to how Portuguese break their daily activities (night activities occur after 11 PM o'clock) becoming direct translations of "day-types" and "night-types". 2 1 Examples of other measures: 7-item Diurnal Type Scale (Torsvall & Akerstedt, 1980); 13-item Composite Scale of Morningness (having items from the MEQ and the DTS; Smith, Reilly, & Midkiff, 1989); 7-item short version of the CS (Pornpitakpan, 1998) and its Basic Language Morningness Scale version (Brown, 1993); 12-item Early/Late Preference Scale (Smith, et al, 1993); 19-item Circadian Type Questionnaire (Folkard, Monk, & Lobban, 1979). (Aproximadamente a que horas do dia se costuma sentir no seu melhor?…”

Self-Reported Diurnal Preference and Sleep Disturbance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) contains 13 questions, most of them having four choices, with a Likert-type response format and total scores range from 13 (extreme eveningness) to 55 (extreme morningness) (9). Although its authors proposed a three-category typology, based on the 10 th and 90 th percentile, we used the cut-off scores determined by age groups on the 25 th and 75 th percentiles that were determined in a Romanian sample (18).…”

“…Diurnal preference (i.e. whether a subject is morning or evening oriented) is a parameter that is correlated with biological markers of circadian rhythmicity, and can be assessed in subjects by a number of validated questionnaires, such as the Composite Scale of Morningness (9).…”