Evaluation of the virucidal performance of domestic laundry procedures

Heinzel, M.; Kyas, Andrea; Weide, Mirko; Breves, Roland; Bockmühl, Dirk P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.06.003

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The impact of AOB on the hygiene effectiveness of machine laundering has also been demonstrated by Terpstra et al 2003;Lichtenberg et al 2006;Linke et al 2011;Bellante et al, 2011, Vossebein 2013and Lucassen et al 2013. The data of Heinzel et al 2010 suggest that laundering with AOB detergent can also enhance effectiveness against viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Impact of wash cycle time, temperature and detergent formulation on the hygiene effectiveness of domestic laundering

2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The data of Heinzel et al . suggest that laundering with AOB detergent can also enhance effectiveness against viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wash cycle time, temperature and detergent formulation on the hygiene effectiveness of domestic laundering

2014

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“…Again, bleach (AOB or chlorine bleach) does considerably improve the antiviral efficacy during laundering, but only when temperatures of 60°C or higher are used, can the complete inactivation of nonenveloped viruses such as poliovirus or norovirus be assured (Heinzel et al . ; Lemm et al . ).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Laundering Against Different Groups Of Micro‐orgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies suggest that laundering is more effective against enveloped viruses, most probably because the phospholipid envelope can be disrupted by the detergent (Sidwell and Dixon 1969;Gerba 2001;Gerba and Kennedy 2007;Gerhardts et al 2009;Heinzel et al 2010). Again, bleach (AOB or chlorine bleach) does considerably improve the antiviral efficacy during laundering, but only when temperatures of 60°C or higher are used, can the complete inactivation of nonenveloped viruses such as poliovirus or norovirus be assured (Heinzel et al 2010;Lemm et al 2014). Interestingly, although viral infections must be considered very relevant for laundry hygiene, efficacy testing mostly focuses on bacteria (Anon 2013).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Laundering Against Different Groups Of Micro-orgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laundry hygiene-how to get more than clean

Bockmühl

2017

J Appl Microbiol

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Summary Although laundering should mainly remove stains and dirt from used and worn textiles, the elimination of microbial contamination is an important aim of the laundry process as well. While industrial and institutional laundering employs standardized processes using high temperatures (i.e. 60°C and above) and bleaching agents to ensure a sufficient hygienic reconditioning of textiles, domestic laundering processes are less defined and not always led by purposeful aims. The strive for energy efficiency of household appliances has resulted in a decrease in washing temperatures in Europe during the last decades and convenience aspects led to an increased use of liquid detergents that do not contain bleach which in turn impacts the antimicrobial efficacy of domestic laundering. This review compiles the different factors that influence the input and removal of micro‐organisms in the laundering process and discusses the possible adverse effects of microbial contaminants in the washing machine and on the textiles as well as suitable counteractions.

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“…Use of low-temperature wash cycles has demonstrated effectiveness in either inactivation or removal of healthcare-associated pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, total coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, poliovirus, adenovirus, and pollen allergens. 5,[21][22][23][24][25] Use of hot water provides a sanitizing effect capable of producing microbial reduction of at least 5 log 10 per square centimeter. 18 A temperature of at least 160°F (71°C) for a minimum of 25 minutes is recommended frequently for traditional hot-water washing.…”

Section: Microbial Reductions Associated With Washing and Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Laundry and Textiles in the United States: Review and Commentary on Contemporary Infection Prevention Issues

Sehulster

2015

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Healthcare professionals have questions about the infection prevention effectiveness of contemporary laundry processes for healthcare textiles (HCTs). Current industrial laundry processes achieve microbial reductions via physical, chemical, and thermal actions, all of which result in producing hygienically clean HCTs. European researchers have demonstrated that oxidative laundry additives have sufficient potency to meet US Environmental Protection Agency benchmarks for sanitizers and disinfectants. Outbreaks of infectious diseases associated with laundered HCTs are extremely rare; only 12 such outbreaks have been reported worldwide in the past 43 years. Root cause analyses have identified inadvertent exposure of clean HCTs to environmental contamination (including but not limited to exposure to dust in storage areas) or a process failure during laundering. To date, patient-to-patient transmission of infection has not been associated with hygienically clean HCTs laundered in accordance with industry process standards. Occupationally acquired infection involved mishandling of soiled HCTs and failure to use personal protective equipment properly. Laboratory studies of antimicrobial treatments for HCTs demonstrate a wide range of activity from 1 to 7 log10 reduction of pathogens under various experimental conditions. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate potential use of these treatments for infection prevention. Microbiological testing of clean HCTs for certification purposes is now available in the United States. Key features (eg, microbial sampling strategy, numbers of textiles sampled) and justification of the testing are discussed.

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Evaluation of the virucidal performance of domestic laundry procedures

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of wash cycle time, temperature and detergent formulation on the hygiene effectiveness of domestic laundering

Impact of wash cycle time, temperature and detergent formulation on the hygiene effectiveness of domestic laundering

Laundry hygiene-how to get more than clean

Healthcare Laundry and Textiles in the United States: Review and Commentary on Contemporary Infection Prevention Issues

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