Evaluation of the usefulness of laboratory diagnostic methods in RHD outbreak

Fitzner, A.

doi:10.2478/bvip-2014-0027

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This may give a preliminary indication that GI.1d strains of RHDV have stronger antigenicity and reactivity and higher antibody response post challenge, although each vaccine strain can be protective against challenge with the other. Previous reports support these results: antibody titres are dependent on the viral antigen type, but differences in HI cross-reactivity do not exceed the range of two dilutions (39). However, significant differences in immunological response reflect antigenic differences in RHDV (40).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Molecular and serological studies of Egyptian strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their comparison with vaccine strains

El-Moaty¹,

Abodalal²,

Salman³

et al. 2020

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Vaccination is the major control measure for rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The co-circulation of different RHDV genotypes in Egypt has led to the need to determine the most effective vaccine strain and the cross-protection between these genotypes. Rabbits seronegative for RHDV were vaccinated with the commercial GI.1a (RHDVa) vaccine strain Giza2006 and the GI.1d (G5) vaccine strain Giza97. The rabbits were challenged three weeks post vaccination with GI.1a (RHDVa) strains Giza2010 and Kal2012 and GI.1d (G5) RHDV Giza97 and RHDV2014 to determine the degree of cross-protection and evaluate immunity and cross-reactivity by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Both vaccines were fully protective three weeks post vaccination, with 95% protection for the GI.1a vaccine and 94.7% for the GI.1d vaccine, with no direct relationship between mortality rates and the genotype of the challenge strain. The antibody titres obtained using the HI test were one log higher for the GI.1a compared with the GI.1d vaccine, but post-challenge titres showed increased responses, expressed as 1−3 log 2 higher titres, for the GI.1d vaccine. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the Egyptian strain RHDV2014 revealed its relatedness to the GI.1d genotype and showed no evidence of the presence of GI.2 in Egypt until 2014. In conclusion, both GI.1d (G5) and GI.1a (RHDVa)-based vaccines are protective against both RHDV genotypes present in Egypt but continuous monitoring of circulating strains is essential because the arrival of GI.2 in Egypt will require new vaccination strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Molecular and serological studies of Egyptian strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their comparison with vaccine strains

El-Moaty¹,

Abodalal²,

Salman³

et al. 2020

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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“…In recent years, companion rabbits have gradually been playing an increasingly important role in the epidemiology of RHD. RHDVa strains appeared in Poland 7-8 years after their diagnosis in Italy and Germany [58][59][60][61]. In turn, the first RHDV2 strains were diagnosed in Poland in domestic rabbits (including companion animals) 6 years after their detection in France [25,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Brown Hare Syndrome in Poland: Current Epidemiological Situation

Fitzner

Niedbalski

Kęsy

et al. 2022

Viruses

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European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is one of the main causes of mortality in brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in Europe. Since the mid-1990s, this highly lethal and contagious plague has been widespread in many European countries, contributing to a drastic decline in the number of free-living and farmed hares. A second lagovirus, able to infect some species of hares is rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; GI.2) recognised in 2010, a new viral emergence of RHDV (GI.1) which is known to be responsible for haemorrhagic disease in rabbits—RHD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current EBHS epidemiological situation on the basis of the presence of antibodies to European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) and anti-RHDV2 antibodies in sera collected from free-ranging hares in Central and Southeastern Poland in 2020–2021. Additionally, studies on the presence of EBHSV and RHDV2 antigens or their genetic material in the blood and internal organs taken from brown hares between 2014 – 2021 have been carried out. The results of the serological examination showed nearly 88% of tested blood samples were positive for EBHSV antibodies. No EBHSV was identified in the examined hares using virological and molecular tests. The positive results of EBHS serological studies confirmed the circulation and maintenance of EBHSV in free-living brown hares in Poland. However, no serological, virological or molecular evidence was obtained indicating that the brown hares tested had been in contact with RHDV2.

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“…22,74,94,100 As a result, the tests used in molecular detection of RHDV infections may require regular review, and updates of primer sequences and negative results should be verified by another test. 34 Nested RT-PCR. In comparison to a single-round PCR assay, nRT-PCR is considered a more sensitive and specific molecular method for use in the detection of rabbit viruses (Pérez de Rozas AM, et al Standardization of nested-PCR for the detection of Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, myxomatosis virus, and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.…”

Section: Detection Of Lagomorph Calicivirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…105 Contrary to these encouraging results, limited usefulness has been reported for some primers annealing to the N-terminal part of VP60 and the C-terminus of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ( RdRp ) RHDV genes when used for molecular detection of RHDV infections in farmed rabbits. 34 The lack of amplification can to some extent be explained by primer mismatches to target sequences within the viral genome; nucleotide mutations in the amplified fragments were revealed. It is also noteworthy that RHDV strains are gradually replaced by RHDV-2 and their recombinants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular methods in detection and epidemiologic studies of rabbit and hare viruses: a review

Kwit

Rzeżutka

2019

J VET Diagn Invest

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Various PCR-based assays for rabbit viruses have gradually replaced traditional virologic assays, such as virus isolation, because they offer high-throughput analysis, better test sensitivity and specificity, and allow vaccine and wild-type virus strains to be fully typed and differentiated. In addition, PCR is irreplaceable in the detection of uncultivable or fastidious rabbit pathogens or those occurring in low quantity in a tested sample. We provide herein an overview of the current state of the art in the molecular detection of lagomorph viral pathogens along with details of their targeted gene or nucleic acid sequence and recommendations for their application. Apart from the nucleic acids-based methods used for identification and comprehensive typing of rabbit viruses, novel methods such as microarray, next-generation sequencing, and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could also be employed given that they offer greater throughput in sample screening for viral pathogens. Molecular methods should be provided with an appropriate set of controls, including an internal amplification control, to confirm the validity of the results obtained.

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Evaluation of the usefulness of laboratory diagnostic methods in RHD outbreak

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular and serological studies of Egyptian strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their comparison with vaccine strains

Molecular and serological studies of Egyptian strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their comparison with vaccine strains

European Brown Hare Syndrome in Poland: Current Epidemiological Situation

Molecular methods in detection and epidemiologic studies of rabbit and hare viruses: a review

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