Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance Model in Cold and Snowy Conditions during the Montreal Urban Snow Experiment 2005

Lemonsu, Aude; Bélair, Stéphane; Mailhot, Jocelyn; Leroyer, Sylvie

doi:10.1175/2009jamc2131.1

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Modelling studies of cold cities are focused on a few sites mainly in North America (e.g. Valeo and Ho, 2004;Lemonsu et al, 2010;Leroyer et al, 2010) and Scandinavia (e.g. Semádeni-Davies et al, 1998).…”

Section: Järvi Et Al: Development Of Suews For Cold Climate Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly from the observations, the minimum (α min s ) and maximum (α max s ) snow albedo are set to 0.18 and 0.85, respectively, which differ from Le10 (α min n = 0.15-0.30 across the different surface cover types). In Lemonsu et al (2010) snow albedo aging time constants (τ f = 0.174, τ a = 0.008) could not be fully evaluated due to a lack of data. However, τ a compared to our observations is too small.…”

Section: Snow Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) is developed to include snow. The processes addressed include accumulation of snow on the different urban surface types: snow albedo and density aging, snow melting and re-freezing of meltwater. Individual model parameters are assessed and independently evaluated using long-term observations in the two cold climate cities of Helsinki and Montreal. Eddy covariance sensible and latent heat fluxes and snow depth observations are available for two sites in Montreal and one in Helsinki. Surface runoff from two catchments (24 and 45 ha) in Helsinki and snow properties (albedo and density) from two sites in Montreal are also analysed. As multiple observation sites with different land-cover characteristics are available in both cities, model development is conducted independent of evaluation.The developed model simulates snowmelt related runoff well (within 19 % and 3 % for the two catchments in Helsinki when there is snow on the ground), with the springtime peak estimated correctly. However, the observed runoff peaks tend to be smoother than the simulated ones, likely due to the water holding capacity of the catchments and the missing time lag between the catchment and the observation point in the model. For all three sites the model simulates the timing of the snow accumulation and melt events well, but underestimates the total snow depth by 18-20 % in Helsinki and 29-33 % in Montreal. The model is able to reproduce the diurnal pattern of net radiation and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat during cold snow, melting snow and snowfree periods. The largest model uncertainties are related to the timing of the melting period and the parameterization of the snowmelt. The results show that the enhanced model can simulate correctly the exchange of energy and water in cold climate cities at sites with varying surface cover.

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Section: Järvi Et Al: Development Of Suews For Cold Climate Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Snow Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities

et al. 2014

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“…In order to estimate microclimate within street canyons, TEB is generally used in conjunction with the Surface Boundary Layer (SBL) model which solves vertical turbulent diffusion within the average street canyon from the surface fluxes provided by the road, wall and roof (Hamdi and Masson, 2008;Masson and Seity, 2009). Off-line simulations with TEB have already demonstrated that TEB was able to accurately reproduce the energy balance of urban surfaces, the street air temperatures and the energy consumptions for a wide range of cities under various climates and seasons: Vancouver and Mexico (Masson et al, 2002), Marseille (Lemonsu et al, 2004), Basel (Hamdi and Masson, 2008), Łódź (Offerle et al, 2005), Toulouse (Pigeon et al, 2008) and Montréal (Lemonsu et al, 2010). TEB simulates the thermal functioning of a generic building ( Figure 3): an energy balance is established on the outer surfaces of both wall and roof, taking into account the solar and infrared net radiation (Q*), the convective heat flux (Q H ), and the water evaporation (Q E ) for the roof.…”

Section: Surface Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much can air conditioning increase air temperatures for a city like Paris, France?

Munck

Pigeon

Masson

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Climatology

164

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A consequence of urban heat islands in summer is an increase in the use of air conditioning in urbanized areas, which while cooling the insides of buildings, releases waste heat to the atmosphere. A coupled model consisting of a meso-scale meteorological model (MESO-NH) and an urban energy balance model (TEB) has been used to simulate and quantify the potential impacts on street temperature of four air conditioning scenarios at the scale of Paris. The first case consists of simulating the current types of systems in the city and was based on inventories of dry and evaporative cooling towers and free cooling systems with the river Seine. The other three scenarios were chosen to test the impacts of likely trends in air conditioning equipment in the city: one for which all evaporative and free cooling systems were replaced by dry systems, and the other two designed on a future doubling of the overall air conditioning power but with different technologies. The comparison between the scenarios with heat releases in the street and the baseline case without air conditioning showed a systematic increase in the street air temperature, and this increase was greater at nighttime than day time. It is counter-intuitive because the heat releases are higher during the day. This is due to the shallower atmospheric boundary layer during the night. The increase in temperature was 0.5°C in the situation with current heat releases, 1°C with current releases converted to only sensible heat, and 2°C for the future doubling of air conditioning waste heat released to air. These results demonstrated to what extent the use of air conditioning could enhance street air temperatures at the scale of a city like Paris, and the importance of a spatialized approach for a reasoned planning for future deployment of air conditioning in the city.

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“…The GEM model with the TEB parameterisation was tested for Oklahoma City (USA) with the resolution of 300 m against the dataset from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment (Lemonsu et al, 2009). Also, the TEB parameterisation was tested for Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE) 2005, but as an off-line urban model (Lemonsu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Scenario Setup With the Teb Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

Strużewska

Kaminski

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ (Global Environmental Multiscale and Air Quality) model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary, and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ∼5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, very low buildings and low density suburbs. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the air temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO 2 and CO concentrations were negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability.

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Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance Model in Cold and Snowy Conditions during the Montreal Urban Snow Experiment 2005

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities

Development of the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities

How much can air conditioning increase air temperatures for a city like Paris, France?

Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

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