Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC

Han, Yongming; Cao, Junji; Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; An, Zhisheng; Jin, Zhangdong; Fung, Kochy; Liu, Suixin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.024

Cited by 268 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Due to its complex organic and mineral matrices, the separation and quantification of BC in sediments is complicated, and several procedures have been developed for specific studies (Gustafsson et al, 1997(Gustafsson et al, , 2001Song et al, 2002;Hammes et al, 2007;Han et al, 2007aHan et al, , 2007bKhan et al, 2009;Poot et al, 2009;Meredith et al, 2012;Wiedemeier et al, 2015). In the present work, the wet-chemical treatment combined with thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) detection was adopted (Han et al, 2007a(Han et al, , 2007bFang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locations of the sampling sites (n ¼ 93) in the GOT in SE Asia, the stations located at the upper Gulf (n ¼ 33) with the corresponding labels were marked in the dashed rectangle. (Han et al, 2007b(Han et al, , 2015a. Detailed procedures for the BC separation and quantification are available in our recent work (Fang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, the wet-chemical treatment combined with thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) detection was adopted (Han et al, 2007a(Han et al, , 2007bFang et al, 2015). Briefly, the thawed, freeze-dried and homogenized (<80 meshes) sediment samples were treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids to remove inorganic materials.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although BC is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and vegetation (Gustafsson and Gschwend, 1998;Schmidt and Noack, 2000), it is not a well-defined constituent, but a collective term, which refers to a combustion continuum and can be further divided into two subtypes of BC (i.e., char and soot) based on the temperature control in the analytical procedures (Masiello, 2004;Han et al, 2007bHan et al, , 2015a. In this study, char and soot were measured using the IMPROVE thermal optical method according to Han et al (2007b), which has been validated and successfully applied in aerosol studies (Han et al, 2010;Lim et al, 2012) and in soil and sediment studies (Han et al, 2009(Han et al, , 2011(Han et al, , 2015a(Han et al, , 2015bCong et al, 2013), in order to yield a better understanding of the distribution, sources and potential input pathways of char and soot within the tropical coastal system in SE Asia.…”

Section: Occurrence and Input Pathways Of Char And Soot In The Gotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BC content values in this work (measured by the IMPROVE_A TOR method; from Han et al, 2007aHan et al, , 2007b were in the low to moderate ranges of the BC concentrations obtained by different versions of the thermal methods in other coastal sediments around the world, such as the East China Seas (<0.1e2.45 mg/g, CTO method; Wang and Li, 2007;Kang et al, 2009), the Laizhou Bay in China (0.02e1.29 mg/g, TOR method; Fang et al, 2014), the Mexican margin (0.9e2.6 mg/g, modified CTO method; Gelinas et al, 2001), the Gulf of Maine (0.11e1.73 mg/g, CTO method; Gustafsson and Gschwend, 1998) and coastal Pakistan (0.6e2.5 mg/g, CTO method; Ali et al, 2014). The BC values were much lower than that from the Swedish continental shelf (0.58e17.66 mg/g, CTO method; Sanchez-García et al, 2012) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Sediment Grain-sizes and Background Depositional Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Shi

Bai

et al. 2016

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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a b s t r a c tThe coastal margins around Southeast Asia (SE Asia) may serve as an ideal location to study the sourcesink process of sedimentary black carbon (BC) because SE Asia has been identified as one of the major BC emission source regions in the world. This study provides an extensive picture of recent regional-scale sedimentary BC sequestration in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT), a tropical marine system in SE Asia. Generally, the sedimentary BC concentrations (0.07e3.99 mg/g) were in the low to moderate ranges of those obtained in other coastal sediments around the world. Regional variability of the BC and its correlation with the sediment grain size and total organic carbon (TOC) content indicated a general hydrodynamic constraint on BC occurrence in the lower Gulf in contrast to the upper Gulf with a more source dependence due to the direct land-based input. BC/TOC% values and the varied BC components (char and soot), as well as their correlations suggested that char was the predominant constituents of sedimentary BC both in the upper and lower Gulf, which could be mainly derived from biomass burning and entered into the nearshore region through direct fluvial transport and surface run-off. The estimated BC burial flux (~212 mg/cm 2 /y) and mass inventory (~200 Gg/y) in the GOT on the hundred-year timescale were of the same order of magnitude compared with other oceanic margins, and thus the tropical shelf sediments from SE Asia could serve as an important sink of land-emitted BC.

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Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence and Input Pathways Of Char And Soot In The Gotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Grain-sizes and Background Depositional Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Shi

Bai

et al. 2016

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Flux and budget of BC in the continental shelf seas adjacent to Chinese high BC emission source regions

Fang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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This study conducted the first comprehensive investigation of sedimentary black carbon (BC) concentration, flux, and budget in the continental shelves of "Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS)," based on measurements of BC in 191 surface sediments, 36 riverine water, and 2 seawater samples, as well as the reported data set of the atmospheric samples from seven coastal cities in the Bohai Rim. BC concentrations in these matrices were measured using the method of thermal/optical reflectance. The spatial distribution of the BC concentration in surface sediments was largely influenced by the regional hydrodynamic conditions, with high values mainly occurring in the central mud areas where fine-grained particles (median diameters > 6 Φ (i.e., <0.0156 mm)) were deposited. The BC burial flux in the BS and YS ranged from 4 to 1100 μg/cm 2 yr, and averaged 166 ± 200 μg/cm 2 yr, which was within the range of burial fluxes reported in other continental shelf regimes. The area-integrated sedimentary BC sink flux in the entire BS and YS was~325 Gg/yr, and the BS alone contributed~50% (~157 Gg/yr). The BC budget calculated in the BS showed that atmospheric deposition, riverine discharge, and import from the Northern Yellow Sea (NYS) each contributed~51%, 47%, and~2%. Therefore, atmospheric deposition and riverine discharge dominated the total BC influx (~98%). Sequestration to bottom sediments was the major BC output pattern, accounting for~88% of the input BC. Water exchange between the BS and the NYS was also an important BC transport route, with net BC transport from the BS to the NYS.

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A comparative study on the size distribution and carbon components of particulate matters from typical sources

Zuo

Mei

Yang

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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A comparative study on the size distribution and carbon component of particulate matter (PM) from four typical sources in Zhenjiang, China were carried out. Two raw PM cases were collected directly from the diesel/gasoline engine, individually, while another two diluted PM cases were gleaned from the atmosphere on particular venues concerning the contribution of diesel/gasoline PMs, respectively. It was revealed that the raw diesel/gasoline PMs presented mass concentration peaks at the size range of 0.18-0.32 μm, while most of the diluted PM from the atmosphere near the chimney vent of the engine laboratory and in the basement garage concentrated at the size range of 0.32-0.56 and 1.0-1.8 μm, respectively. Via the carbon component analysis, for the raw diesel PM, the major parts of OC fractions were determined as OC1, OC2 and OC3, meanwhile EC2 took the majority of EC. As for the diluted PM from the atmosphere, OC2, OC3 and OC4, and EC1 and EC2 accounted for the main parts of OC and EC, respectively. The rate of OC to EC (OC/EC) of the PMs from the diesel engine, near the laboratory chimney vent and in the basement garage varied in a range of 0.92-2.50, 1.40-2.53, and 2.36-4.82, respectively. It is worth noting that the OC/EC of the PM collected in the basement garage exceeded 2.0, which implies that a great deal of secondary particulates were generated. Overall, this article may assist to understand the possible evolution path of PM from the raw source to the diluted status.

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Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC

Cited by 268 publications

References 32 publications

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Distribution, input pathway and mass inventory of black carbon in sediments of the Gulf of Thailand, SE Asia

Flux and budget of BC in the continental shelf seas adjacent to Chinese high BC emission source regions

A comparative study on the size distribution and carbon components of particulate matters from typical sources

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