Evaluation of the survivability of MS2 viral aerosols deposited on filtering face piece respirator samples incorporating antimicrobial technologies

Rengasamy, Samy; Fisher, Edward; Shaffer, Ronald E.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.08.006

Cited by 49 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…For the study of survival and interactions on respirators, MS2 coliphage, a singlestranded RNA [ss(ϩ)RNA] virus that infects Escherichia coli, has been used as the surrogate (17)(18)(19). Previous studies provided insight into mostly older strains of influenza A virus, such as A/Brazil/11/78-like (16) and A/PR/8/34 (20), various materials (pajamas, tissue, soft toys, surgical masks, and hospital gowns) (16,21), and a single absolute humidity (AH) (16,20,21).…”

Section: ) the Current Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Coulliette

Perry

Edwards

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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times (4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h). pH1N1 was distributed onto N95 coupons (3.8 to 4.2 cm 2 ) and extracted by a vortex-centrifugation-filtration process, and the ability of the remaining virus to replicate was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the log 10 concentration of the infectious virus per coupon. Overall, pH1N1 remained infectious for 6 days, with an approximately 1-log 10 loss of virus concentrations over this time period. Time and AH both affected virus survival. We found significantly higher (P < 0.01) reductions in virus concentrations at time points beyond 24 to 72 h (؊0.52-log 10 reduction) and 144 h (؊0.74) at AHs of 6.5 ؋ 10 5 mPa (؊0.53) and 14.6 ؋ 10 5 mPa (؊0.47). This research supports discarding respirators after close contact with a person with suspected or confirmed influenza infection due to the virus's demonstrated ability to persist and remain infectious.

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Section: ) the Current Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Coulliette

Perry

Edwards

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A study investigating bleach disinfection with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite aerosol and UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) at a wavelength of 254 nm achieved 2-log SF of MS2; however, bleach and UVGI have limitations of chemical release and low penetration, respectively (Vo et al, 2009). Rengasamy et al (2010) and Woo et al (2011) confirmed the inactivation effect of biocidal filters incorporated antimicrobial agents, e.g., silver copper, oxygen species, titanium oxide and dialdehyde, but these filters did not reach 2-log SF within 30 mins. Compared to other filter disinfection technologies, the microwave-assisted filtration system was as or more effective without causing any filter damage and chemical formation.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Disinfection Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-irradiation-assisted HVAC Filtration for Inactivation of Viral Aerosols

Woo

Grippin

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Inactivation of collected viral aerosols is important for preventing a filter medium's serving as a fomite. The focus of this study was to evaluate the inactivation efficiency (IE) achieved through filtration coupled with microwave irradiation. MS2 aerosolized through a Collison nebulizer was fed into the system and collected onto the filter. For in-flight microwave decontamination, microwave irradiation was applied to an HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) filter supported on a SiC disk for three cycles of selected irradiation times per 10 min (i.e., 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 min/10 min) at power levels ranging from 125 W to 375 W. The survival fraction (SF) on the substrate and the IE through the entire system were investigated to determine the efficacy of this approach. SF decreased and IE increased as microwave power level was increased (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively) or the application time was extended (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). Both measures changed sharply above a threshold temperature of around 90°C and reached 2 logs at 116 and 109°C, respectively. The log SF and IE of -2.59 and 3.62, respectively, were observed when the operating condition of 375 W for 10 min/cycle was used and the SiC disk facilitated microwave absorption. When a quartz frit was used as a support instead of the SiC disk, log inactivation efficiencies of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.3 were measured at relative humidities of 30%, 60% and 90%, respectively, under the same irradiation conditions. Relative humidity is a significant parameter from 50-80°C (p = 0.01). The results demonstrate that microwave-assisted filtration systems can be used as an effective means for inactivating viruses.

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“…The virion can also maintain its infectivity for long time after it is collected on conventional filters (Rengasamy et al 2010).…”

Section: Preparation Of Viral Suspension and Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Aerosolized Viruses in Continuous Air Flow with Axial Heating

Grinshpun

Adhikari

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Thermal inactivation of viruses has been studied in relevance to food sterilization, water purification, and other "non-aerosol" applications, in which heat treatment is applied for a relatively long time. No data are available on the inactivation of airborne viruses exposed to dry heat for a short time, although this is relevant to biodefense and indoor air quality control. In this study, we investigated inactivation of aerosolized MS2 viruses in a continuous air flow chamber with axial heating resulted from exposures during ∼0.1-1 s. For an airborne virion, the characteristic exposure temperature, T e , was defined utilizing the air temperature profiles in the chamber. The tests were conducted at two air flow rates, Q, which allowed for establishing different thermal flow regimes and exposure time intervals. The experimentally determined inactivation factor, IF, was subjected to correction to account for the temperature profiles. At T e up to ∼90• C (Q = 18 L/min) and up to ∼140• C (Q = 36 L/min), the loss of viral infectivity was relatively modest (≤ 10). However, IF increased exponentially as T e rose from ∼90• C to ∼160• C (for 18 L/min) or from ∼140 • C to ∼230• C (for 36 L/min). Under specific thermal exposure conditions (∼170• C and ∼250 • C, respectively), IF exceeded ∼2.4 × 10 4 (∼99.996% infectivity loss)-the maximum quantifiable in this study. The airborne MS2 virions exposed to hot air for <1 s were found to have survived much higher temperatures than those subjected to thermal treatment in liquid for minutes or hours. The findings are significant for establishing limitations of the heat-based bioaerosol control methods.

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Evaluation of the survivability of MS2 viral aerosols deposited on filtering face piece respirator samples incorporating antimicrobial technologies

Abstract: Results from this study suggest that MS2 virus decontamination efficacy of antimicrobial respirators is dependent on the antimicrobial agent and storage conditions.

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Persistence of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on N95 Respirators

Microwave-irradiation-assisted HVAC Filtration for Inactivation of Viral Aerosols

Inactivation of Aerosolized Viruses in Continuous Air Flow with Axial Heating

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