Evaluation of the Stiffness Damage Test (SDT) as a tool for assessing damage in concrete due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR): Input parameters and variability of the test responses

Sanchez, Leandro; Fournier, Benoît; Jolin, Marc; Bastien, Josée

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.071

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The long duration of the tests and the aggressive environment used to accelerate the ASR development can compromise the prompt assessment of aggregate reactivity. Several suggestions for tests modifications or new analysis procedures are present in literature, such as the use of a CPT test at 38 °C with prims that immerged in an alkaline solution [ 60 ] or the application of a stiffness damage test for assessing the depreciation of concrete mechanical properties [ 61 ].…”

Section: Asr Problem On Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020

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Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the major degradation causes of concrete. This highly deleterious reaction has aroused the attention of researchers, in order to develop methodologies for its prevention and mitigation, but despite the efforts made, there is still no efficient cure to control its expansive consequences. The incorporation of recycled aggregates in concrete raises several ASR issues, mainly due to the difficult control of the source concrete reactivity level and the lack of knowledge on ASR’s evolution in new recycled aggregate concrete. This paper reviews several research works on ASR in concrete with recycled aggregates, and the main findings are presented in order to contribute to the knowledge and discussion of ASR in recycled aggregate concrete. It has been observed that age, exposure conditions, crushing and the heterogeneity source can influence the alkalis and reactive silica contents in the recycled aggregates. The use of low contents of highly reactive recycled aggregates as a replacement for natural aggregates can be done without an increase in expansion of concrete. ASR expansion tests and ASR mitigation measures need to be further researched to incorporate a higher content of recycled aggregates.

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Section: Asr Problem On Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2020

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“…A review on the SDT development as a diagnostic tool for assessing ASR affected concrete is presented in [2]. Sanchez et al [2,3] actually pursued the work of Smaoui and coworkers [9], by applying the SDT procedure to either specimens cast in the laboratory, presenting different mix-designs (25, 35 and 45 MPa) and incorporating a wide range of reactive aggregates (i.e. coarse vs. fine reactive aggregates, ≠ lithotypes, etc.…”

Section: Stiffness Damage Test (Sdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [2,3], the SDT, through its output parameters, is able to measure the progress of inner distress (i.e. cracking extent) as a function of expansion in concrete damaged due to ASR.…”

Section: Sdt Damage Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to testing, both ends of each cylinder were carefully mechanically ground to avoid any interference from the stainless steel gauge studs used for expansion measurements. Also, even though they were wrapped in plastic film prior to testing, the specimens were restored for 48 h in the moist curing room, protected from running water, before stiffness damage testing, in order to allow appropriate saturation of the test specimens, following the procedure proposed for concrete cores extracted from real concrete structures (CSA A23.2-14C) [3].…”

Section: Materials and Mixture Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above studies, the authors presented the following main conclusions: 1) the SDT should be carried out with a percentage of the concrete strength instead of using a fixed load [2] (as originally proposed by [5, 6 and 9]); 2) the use of 40% of the design concrete strength seems to be the best approach for distinguishing damaged concrete specimens with regard to their expansion levels [2]; 3) the use of percentages up to 40% of the design concrete strength enables the use of the same specimen for supplementary analyses, such as compressive or tensile strength, since the test seems to keep its "non-destructive" character up to that point [2]; 4) the output parameters, such as the hysteresis area (HA) and the plastic deformation (PD) over the five cycles, as well as the modulus of elasticity (ME) (as an average value of the second and third cycles), seem to be the most diagnostic output results of the test; 5) the use of indices (Stiffness Damage Index -SDI and Plastic Deformation Index -PDI) instead of absolute HA or PD values, which take into account the ratio "dissipated energy/total energy" implemented in the system, better represents the real "damage" of the affected materials ( Figure 3). Actually, this approach decreases the impact of a poor selection of maximum loading level for stiffness damage testing and provides a better understanding of ASR evolution as a function of its expansion [10] and finally; 5) several input parameters, such as the concrete's cure history, the sample's geometry and size, and the sample's location within the structural member, seem to strongly influence the output analyses of the SDT [3].…”

Section: Stiffness Damage Test (Sdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tools for assessing damage in concrete affected by AAR coming from fine and coarse aggregates

Sanchez

Fournier

Jolin

et al. 2017

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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Tools for assessing damage in concrete affected by AAR coming from fine and coarse aggregatesTécnicas para a avaliação da deterioração proveniente da reação álcali-agregado (RAA) gerada pela presença de agregados reativos graúdos e miúdos Abstract ResumoOver the last few years, comprehensive management programs for the diagnosis and prognosis of alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in aging concrete structures were developed in North America, based on a series of laboratory test procedures. Although promising, these lab-procedures presented several parameters whose impacts were not completely understood, which significantly reduced their applicability for the appraisal of deteriorated concrete structures in service. In this context, it has been suggested that two lab-tools, the Stiff ness Damage Test (SDT) and the Damage Rating Index (DRI) could reliably assess the condition of concrete affected by AAR. This paper presents the condition assessment of 25, 35 and 45 MPa AAR affected concrete specimens incorporating fi ne and coarse reactive aggregates and presenting different distress degrees (i.e. expansion levels from 0.05 to 0.30%) through the use of an innovative multi-level approach. Results show that both SDT and DRI are suitable for assessing damage in AAR affected concrete through their output parameters. Yet, they present a complementary character, which illustrates the need for a multi-level approach.Keywords: stiff ness damage test, damage rating index, condition assessment, multi-level approach, alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR).Nos últimos anos, diversos programas de gestão para o diagnóstico e prognóstico da reação álcali-agregado (RAA) em estruturas de concreto foram desenvolvidos na América do Norte, com base em uma série de procedimentos experimentais em laboratório. Apesar de promissores, esses procedimentos apresentaram uma série de parâmetros cujo impacto não foi amplamente avaliado e discutido, o que reduziu significativamente a utilização destas técnicas na avaliação de estruturas de concreto deterioradas em serviço. Neste contexto, sugere-se que duas técnicas laboratoriais, o ensaio de Deterioração de Rigidez (SDT) assim como a avaliação microscópica do Índice de Deterioração (DRI) destacam-se como ensaios capazes de avaliar de maneira confiável e precisa o estado de deterioração do concreto afetado pela RAA. Este trabalho apresenta a utilização dos métodos descritos acima na avaliação da deterioração de differentes concretos (25, 35 e 45 MPa) afetados pela RAA, incorporando agregados reativos graúdos e miúdos e apresentando diferentes níveis de expansão (0,05 à 0,30%). Os resultados demonstram que tanto o SDT como o DRI são adequados para avaliar o nível de deterioração do concreto afetado pela RAA. Entretanto, estes apresentam um caráter complementar, o que ilustra a necessidade de uma abordagem "multinível" quando da utilização dos mesmos na avaliação de estruturas em serviço.Palavras-chave: Deterioração de Rigidez (SDT), Índice de Deterioração (DRI), avaliação do estado de deterioração, avaliaç...

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Introduction to Diagnosis

Leemann

Katayama

2020

RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports

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Evaluation of the Stiffness Damage Test (SDT) as a tool for assessing damage in concrete due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR): Input parameters and variability of the test responses

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

A Review on Alkali-Silica Reaction Evolution in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Tools for assessing damage in concrete affected by AAR coming from fine and coarse aggregates

Introduction to Diagnosis

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