Evaluation of the Starting Point of the Lombard Effect

Bottalico, Pasquale; Passione, Ivano Ipsaro; Graetzer, Simone; Hunter, Eric J.

doi:10.3813/aaa.919043

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This correlates with existing studies showing a natural shift to maintain signal-to-noise ratio in human speech. 18 Mean voice volumes across all simulations tended to increase with PPE wearing, and increased again with PPE wearing and raised voice. The mean signal-to-noise ratios measured are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This correlates with existing studies showing a natural shift to maintain signal-to-noise ratio in human speech. 18 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 When speakers adjust their voice to overcome background noise, this is known as the Lombard effect. Although attempting to raise one's voice or shout usually causes only a small increase in volume between 5 dB and 10 dB, 18 we chose to measure the volume of voice produced by the researcher as a secondary outcome measure. This was not our primary concern, as attempts to raise one's voice in day-to-day clinical practice will have both inter- and intra-person variability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The negative impact of wearing personal protective equipment on communication during coronavirus disease 2019

et al. 2020

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 personal protective equipment has been reported to affect communication in healthcare settings. This study sought to identify those challenges experimentally. Method Bamford–Kowal–Bench speech discrimination in noise performance of healthcare workers was tested under simulated background noise conditions from a variety of hospital environments. Candidates were assessed for ability to interpret speech with and without personal protective equipment, with both normal speech and raised voice. Results There was a significant difference in speech discrimination scores between normal and personal protective equipment wearing subjects in operating theatre simulated background noise levels (70 dB). Conclusion Wearing personal protective equipment can impact communication in healthcare environments. Efforts should be made to remind staff about this burden and to seek alternative communication paradigms, particularly in operating theatre environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This correlates with existing studies showing a natural shift to maintain signal-to-noise ratio in human speech. 18 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The negative impact of wearing personal protective equipment on communication during coronavirus disease 2019

et al. 2020

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“…The primary noise source contributing to the level of 40.5 dB(A) in the talker position was the ventilation system. Given that the level was below 43 dB(A), the level of speech production in the background noise condition was not affected by the noise (Lazarus, 1986;Bottalico et al, 2017;ISO 9921, 2003).…”

Section: Room Acoustic Measurements and Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech produced in noise: Relationship between listening difficulty and acoustic and durational parameters

Graetzer

Bottalico

Hunter

2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Conversational speech produced in noise can be characterised by increases in intelligibility relative to such speech produced in quiet. Listening difficulty (LD) is a metric that can be used to evaluate speech transmission performance more sensitively than intelligibility scores in situations in which performance is likely to be high. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the LD of speech produced in different noise and style conditions, to evaluate the spectral and durational speech modifications associated with these conditions, and to determine whether any of the spectral and durational parameters predicted LD. Nineteen subjects were instructed to speak at normal and loud volumes in the presence of background noise at 40.5 dB(A) and babble noise at 61 dB(A). The speech signals were amplitude-normalised, combined with pink noise to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio of -6 dB, and presented to twenty raters who judged their LD. Vowel duration, fundamental frequency and the proportion of the spectral energy in high vs low frequencies increased with the noise level within both styles. LD was lowest when the speech was produced in the presence of high level noise and at a loud volume, indicating improved intelligibility. Spectrum balance was observed to predict LD.

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“…To forestall this problem, audio materials should be used; these will not only ensure that the pupils hear the teacher equally well but will also go a long way to improve the perception of languages like Igbo which have noisy components. Bottalico et al 47 assert that the Lombard effect has a 'starting point'. That is, there is a Lombard effect change-point at a background noise level.…”

Section: Analyses Of the Recognition Of Consonants Versus Vowelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of indigenous and foreign speech in a noisy classroom: A case of primary school pupils

2017

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This study examines the level of speech recognition of English and Igbo utterances by 70 grade four children. The children, whose mother tongue is Igbo and aged between 8 and 10 years, had English monosyllabic words as well as Igbo monosyllabic and disyllabic words dictated to them in noisy and quiet classrooms. The results show that in noise, their level of recognition was significantly higher for English utterances (p < 0.05) while in quiet, it was significantly higher for Igbo (p < 0.05). Thus, the findings confirm those of previous studies that the recognition of Igbo is more affected by noise. In terms of the recognition of phonemes in quiet and noise, for both languages, the 't' test analyses showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the pupils' recognition of vowels and consonants in both languages, with vowels being more identified than consonants in both noise and quiet. Hence, though the recognition of both languages is hindered in noise, the study of Igbo requires an acoustically serene environment for maximum results.

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Evaluation of the Starting Point of the Lombard Effect

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

The negative impact of wearing personal protective equipment on communication during coronavirus disease 2019

The negative impact of wearing personal protective equipment on communication during coronavirus disease 2019

Speech produced in noise: Relationship between listening difficulty and acoustic and durational parameters

Recognition of indigenous and foreign speech in a noisy classroom: A case of primary school pupils

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