Evaluation of the Smart Cities Listed in Smart City Index 2021 by Using Entropy Based Copras and Aras Methodology

Abstract

Smart cities are included in the literature as a technology-based concept that has been on the agenda in recent years and whose framework is constantly changing with the changes in technology. There are different frameworks and indexes to define the smartness of a city. Smart City Index 2021 published by Institute for Management Development (IMD) and Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) is one of the accepted studies in the world. In the report of Smart City Index 2021, 118 cities are evaluated in five criteria namely health & safety, mobility, activities, opportunities (work & school) and governance. To re-evaluate the cities and compare the results, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) process including Entropy based Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) and Addivite Ratio Assessment (ARAS) methodology is applied in this paper. To prioritize the criteria, entropy weight method is used. 118 cities are ranked both technologically and structurally using the COPRAS and ARAS method. As a result of the analyses, according to these methods, the rankings of the smart cities are the same. Also, when technologically smart cities are listed, it is determined that the first three countries are Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Nanjing, and at the same time, Abu Dhabi, Chongqing, Hangzhou in terms of structurally.

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“…Decision-making is a complex, multifaceted process, and MCDM is a highly accurate technique for identifying desirable outcomes in the field [76]. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a rapidly expanding field within the domain of operations research that has gained considerable prominence due to its wide-ranging applications [77]. Ranking is a prevalent practice in the literature on MCDM, particularly when there is a need to delineate collections of elements or alternatives based on one or more criteria for the purpose of evaluation, comparison, or selection [78].…”