Evaluation of the Skin Surface Hydration in Vivo by Electrical Measurement

Development of Dry Skin in the NOA Mouse Under Individual Housing Conditions: A Potentially Useful Animal Model for Evaluating Moisturizing Effects

“…Dry skin is a typical disease state of AD [6,8,26], and Werner [27] has reported low water content of the stratum corneum in this condition. The involvement of stress in the onset and aggravation of psoriasis has also been reported [2,19,20], and low water content of the stratum corneum [21] and decreased water-holding capacity of the skin [23] have been demonstrated. Therefore, the NOA mouse can be considered to be a suitable animal model for analyzing the relationships between dermatopathy and psychological factors as well as for evaluating the effects of psychological states on skin morphology and function.…”

The Effect of Topical Tretinoin on the Photodamaged Skin of the Japanese.

“…Co., Hamamatsu), which measures the conductance to the high frequency current of 3.5 MHz equipped with central and peripheral electrodes of 2 and 4 mm in diameter (Tagami et al 1980). Transepidermal water loss was measured with the Evaporimeter EP-1 (Servo-Med AB, Stockholm, Sweden), which records the relative humidity at two fixed points above the skin's surface (Nilsson 1977).…”

Epidermal Differential Impedance Sensor for Conformal Skin Hydration Monitoring

“…Hydration measurement is also useful in cosmetology, for assessing the function of anti-aging and moisturization treatments [5][6][7][8]. Skin hydration levels are typically characterized by measurements of skin electrical impedance [9][10][11][12] or thermal conductivity [13], or by optical spectroscopic techniques [9,14,15] including reflectivity [16]. Indirect methods include evaluation of mechanical properties of the skin [17][18][19] or its surface geometry [20,21].…”