Abstract:Recent years have seen an increase in the use of lignocellulosic materials in the development of bioproducts. Because sisal fiber is a low cost raw material and is readily available, this work aimed to evaluate its hemicellulose fraction for the simultaneous production of xylitol and ethanol. The sisal fiber presented a higher hemicellulose content than other frequently-employed biomasses, such as sugarcane bagasse. A pretreatment with dilute acid and low temperatures was conducted in order to obtain the hemic… Show more
“…Dilute sulfuric acid is the most commonly used acid for the pretreatment of various biomass feedstocks. Among acidic solutions, H2SO4 is the preferred option for acidic pretreatment (Santos et al 2018;Shimizu et al 2018;Xavier et al 2018). Despite the efficiency of diluted acid, there remains a concern about the formation of inhibitors (Jędrzejczyk et al 2019), such as hydroxymethylofurfural (HMF), furfural, and acetic acid.…”
Lignocellulosic biomass is a class of sustainable material that can be utilized as a raw feedstock in biofuel and chemical production. However, the complex matrix structure of lignocellulosic materials complicates conversion processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, an efficient pretreatment process is required to disrupt the plant cell wall structure and maximize the recovery of valuable soluble components from lignocellulosic biomass during hydrolysis. In addition, an effective pretreatment method should use the minimum necessary amounts of energy and chemicals to minimize the cost of the end product. Further, it should reduce the formation of inhibitory compounds that affect enzymes and microorganisms during hydrolysis and fermentation, and it should be applicable to a wide variety of feedstocks. The research presented in this review has highlighted the pros and cons of the current technologies employed in pretreatment processes. Further study should be done to optimize and improve these technologies to enhance the efficiency of the production of biofuels and other valuable components.
“…Dilute sulfuric acid is the most commonly used acid for the pretreatment of various biomass feedstocks. Among acidic solutions, H2SO4 is the preferred option for acidic pretreatment (Santos et al 2018;Shimizu et al 2018;Xavier et al 2018). Despite the efficiency of diluted acid, there remains a concern about the formation of inhibitors (Jędrzejczyk et al 2019), such as hydroxymethylofurfural (HMF), furfural, and acetic acid.…”
Lignocellulosic biomass is a class of sustainable material that can be utilized as a raw feedstock in biofuel and chemical production. However, the complex matrix structure of lignocellulosic materials complicates conversion processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, an efficient pretreatment process is required to disrupt the plant cell wall structure and maximize the recovery of valuable soluble components from lignocellulosic biomass during hydrolysis. In addition, an effective pretreatment method should use the minimum necessary amounts of energy and chemicals to minimize the cost of the end product. Further, it should reduce the formation of inhibitory compounds that affect enzymes and microorganisms during hydrolysis and fermentation, and it should be applicable to a wide variety of feedstocks. The research presented in this review has highlighted the pros and cons of the current technologies employed in pretreatment processes. Further study should be done to optimize and improve these technologies to enhance the efficiency of the production of biofuels and other valuable components.
“…Earlier it was thought that after pretreatment, LCR has to be detoxified before fermentation but some of the recent work suggested that pretreated hydrolysate can be used without detoxification. Among different LCRs, sisal fibers having higher availability as low cost raw material have been evaluated for simultaneous production of xylitol and [32]. Rapeseed straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate was also evaluated for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida guilliermondii, using different hydrolysate detoxification strategies.…”
Section: Ovat Analysis For Xr Productionmentioning
Xylitol is an important commercial bio-product having immense biological potential in preventing tooth decay, strengthening of bones and teeth besides a safer sweetener alternative for diabetic patients. Due to diverse pharmacological applications, xylitol ranks among top twelve commercial pharmaceutical bioproducts available in market. In the present work three hyper xylose reductase (XR) producer microbial isolates i.e. Candida sp. (Xlt-01), Emericella nidulans (Xlt-11) and Pseudomonas gessardi (Xlt-16) were selected out of 228 microbial isolates obtained from soil samples collected from several locations from Shimla in Himachal Pradesh and Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh. Comparative evaluation for XR production by OVAT (one factor/ variable-at-a-time) method resulted in 2.40, 2.11 and 3.03-fold increase in XR activity respectively by the three isolates selected. Candida sp. Xlt-01 resulted in highest yield of xylitol (25.65±0.13 U/mg) followed by Pseudomonas gessardi HPUVXLT-16. Higher yield of both enzyme (xylose reductase) and the product i.e. xylitol from bacterial isolate is one of the major outcome of the present work which is also comparable to the other yeast strains reported earlier. Moreover, this is probably the first report of OVAT analysis for production of enzyme xylose reductase (XR) from yeast, bacteria and filamentous fungus. The initial results suggest the potential utility of all three hyper producer isolates for xylitol production at higher scale after further R&D efforts.
“…This study addresses these concerns by exploring the integration of innovative materials, namely Hypo sludge and novel sisal fiber, into M25 grade concrete. The novelty lies in the synergistic effect of these materials on mechanical strength and durability, offering an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to conventional concrete (Damião(Damião Xavier et al 2018).…”
This study investigates the improvement of mechanical strength in M25 grade concrete through the incorporation of Hypo sludge and the addition of 2% novel sisal fiber, comparing the results with conventional concrete. Hypo sludge, a paper industry waste, serves as a supplementary cementitious material, contributing to sustainability. The novel sisal fiber, chosen for its unique properties, aims to enhance the concrete's compressive and flexural strength. Results indicate a significant improvement in compressive strength, with a simultaneous reduction in permeability and increased resistance to environmental factors. The incorporation of Hypo sludge and novel sisal fiber contributed to the formation of a denser and more durable concrete matrix. Durability tests, including freeze-thaw resistance and chloride ion penetration, revealed superior performance compared to conventional concrete. The mean compressive strength for Conventional Concrete (CC) was 33.98 N/mm², whereas Hypo sludge Concrete (HSC) exhibited a higher mean of 37.46 N/mm². The highest mean compressive strength was observed in Hypo sludge + Sisal Fiber Concrete (HSFC) at 40.18 N/mm², achieved with an optimal combination of 30% Hypo sludge and 2% novel sisal fiber. In terms of flexural strength, CC had a mean of 3.79 N/mm², Hypo sludge Concrete HSC showed an increased mean of 4.47 N/mm², and Hypo sludge + Sisal Fiber Concrete HSFC demonstrated the highest mean at 5.79 N/mm², with the optimum blend of 30% Hypo sludge and 2% novel sisal fiber contributing to this enhanced performance. Additionally, the mean durability values were 29.72 for CC, 32.42 for HSC, and the highest at 35.56 for HSFC with the optimized mixture. The result, denoted by Mauchly's W statistic, indicates no significant departure from sphericity (W = 0.806, Approx. Chi-Square = 3.459, df = 2, p = 0.177). These results underscore the positive impact of the optimal combination of 30% Hypo sludge and 2% novel sisal fiber on both mechanical and durability properties in M25 grade concrete. This research contributes to the evolving field of eco-friendly construction practices and novel material applications in concrete engineering.
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