Evaluation of the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial effect of skin wash in atopic and healthy dogs: a preliminary study

Santoro, Domenico

doi:10.1111/vde.12661

Cited by 6 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The choice of using a concentration of 1 µg/mL HDP was based on previous in vitro and in vivo studies. 15,16,18,[20][21][22] Such studies showed an amount of ≤0.4 µg/mL HDPs secreted in the skin wash of healthy and atopic dogs. 22 However, because of the increased adhesion of HDPs to the stratum corneum demonstrated in canine skin, 21 the amount of HDPs is likely to be greater than the one secreted in skin washes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…15,16,18,[20][21][22] Such studies showed an amount of ≤0.4 µg/mL HDPs secreted in the skin wash of healthy and atopic dogs. 22 However, because of the increased adhesion of HDPs to the stratum corneum demonstrated in canine skin, 21 the amount of HDPs is likely to be greater than the one secreted in skin washes. Finally, the MIC/MBC of cBD103 and cCath for methicillin-resistant SP has been found to be ˜25 µg/mL, 20 a much greater concentration than those recovered in skin washes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, the MIC/MBC of cBD103 and cCath for methicillin‐resistant SP has been found to be ˜25 µg/mL, 20 a much greater concentration than those recovered in skin washes. 22 Thus, based on these studies, a sub‐MIC/MBC concentration of 1 µg/mL HDPs was selected as this was reasonably present on canine skin. However, it is noteworthy to mention that in vivo a multitude of antimicrobial molecules work together against multiple pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of Chx to be tested were based on MIC data derived from preliminary data (data not shown) and previous studies on SA and SP. 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 Likewise, the concentration of 1 µg/mL synthetic HDP was based on previous studies on the amount of HDPs secreted in skin washes from healthy and atopic dogs, 22 and the MIC/MBC of both HDPs tested. 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 Each well contained 50 µL antimicrobial (Chx or HDP), 50 µL inoculum (bacteria in SPB), and 50 µL SPB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This theory has been somewhat reinforced by a study showing how skin washes from atopic dogs have a reduced antimicrobial activity compared with skin washes collected from healthy dogs. 21 Furthermore, another study 22 showed how HDPs are more adherent to the surface of atopic skin compared with healthy skin, potentially reducing the concentration of readily available HDPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effects of chlorhexidine digluconate with and without cBD103 or cCath against multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Santoro

Kher

Chala

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Because of the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, the use of disinfectants over antibiotics has been encouraged. However, the interactions between disinfectants and host local immunity are poorly understood.Objective -To assess the effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (Chx), with and without selected host defence peptides (HDPs), against MDR Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MDR-SP).Methods and materials -Ten clinical isolates of MDR-SP were tested, using a modified microbroth dilution method. Four two-fold dilutions of 2% Chx and 1 lg/mL the HDPs synthetic canine b-defensin 103 (cBD103) or cathelicidin (cCath) were tested alone or in combination. Colony counts after 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) after 24 h were recorded. Friedman followed by Dunn's multiple comparison tests with significance of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Synergy, additivity/neutrality or antagonism were calculated.Results -Growth was not inhibited by either HDP alone. An MIC of 0.312 lg/mL Chx was achieved for nine of the isolates. One isolate had an MIC of 0.078 lg/mL Chx. A MIC 90 (in nine of 10 isolates) of 0.312 µg/mL was seen for Chx in combination with either HDP. Synergy was seen in the combination Chx/cCath used at the highest concentrations of Chx (0.624 µg/mL and 0.312 µg/mL) after 30 and 60 min incubation. Additivity/neutrality was seen for most of the other concentrations and times of incubation.Conclusions and clinical importance -These results suggest a synergistic/additive effect between Chx and HDPs in dogs. Further studies evaluating the mechanisms behind this effect are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effects of chlorhexidine digluconate with and without cBD103 or cCath against multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Santoro

Kher

Chala

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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A defective release of host defense peptides is present in canine atopic skin

Santoro

Archer

Kelley

2019

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Comparison of the quantity and antimicrobial activity of host defence peptides in ear canals between healthy and atopic dogs: A preliminary study

Santoro

2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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BackgroundHost defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured.Hypotheses/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of β‐defensins (cBD3)‐like and cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in ears of healthy and atopic dogs without infectious otitis, additionally to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the HDPs obtained.AnimalsTen healthy and 20 atopic dogs with mild inflammatory, noninfectious otitis were included.Materials and MethodsAbsence of infection was determined by cytological evaluation, and the severity of clinical signs, if present, was assessed by a previously validated score (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS‐3). The left ear canal of each dog was rinsed with 2 mL of sodium phosphate buffer. The solution obtained was analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HDPs. Additionally, aural secretions were incubated with two concentrations (5 × 105 and 5 × 104 colony‐forming units/mL) of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the bacterial density measured after 24 h of incubation. Data were statistically analysed. Significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThere was a significantly lower concentration of HDPs from atopic ears when compared with those from normal healthy dogs (cBD3‐like: p = 0.0007; cCath: p = 0.049). There was minimal to variable antimicrobial activity in the aural secretions of both groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study showed, for the first time, that the ear canals of atopic dogs with mild noninfectious otitis contain a lower concentration of cBD3‐like and cCath HDPs than those of healthy dogs with normal ears. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not present in the aural secretions from either group.

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Evaluation of the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial effect of skin wash in atopic and healthy dogs: a preliminary study

Abstract: This study found no difference in AMP secretion levels between healthy and nonlesional atopic canine skin. However, a significantly lower antimicrobial activity was present in the skin washes from atopic compared to healthy skin.

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of the effects of chlorhexidine digluconate with and without cBD103 or cCath against multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Evaluation of the effects of chlorhexidine digluconate with and without cBD103 or cCath against multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A defective release of host defense peptides is present in canine atopic skin

Comparison of the quantity and antimicrobial activity of host defence peptides in ear canals between healthy and atopic dogs: A preliminary study

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