Evaluation of the Role of Palatal Tonsil Hypertrophy in Sleep Apnea Patients: Cephalometric Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to elucidate the relationship between tonsillar hypertrophy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in terms of cephalometric analysis, as well as to determine factors that affect OSAS severity. 25 patients were enrolled in this study. Lateral cephalograms of the subjects were taken. Disease severity was evaluated by the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). Cephalometric measurements (angle between line S-N and line N-A (SNA), angle between line S-N and line N-B (SNB), distance between the Mandibular Plane and the Hyoid (MPH), posterior airway space, the width of the airway behind the base of tongue along the B-Go line (PAS), upper airway space, the distance parallel to long axis of the airway, between a horizontal plane tangent to the superior aspect of the hyoid and a horizontal plane tangent to the posterior palate (UAL), multiplication of PAS and UAL (PAS × UAL)) were analyzed and compared between the groups with and without tonsillar hypertrophy. PAS and PAS × UAL were lower in the no hypertrophy group. SNB was significantly lower in the severe apnea group than mild to moderate group in no hypertrophy group (p = 0.035). In conclusion, patients with tonsillar hypertrophy had severe obstruction, but they had a relatively larger pharyngeal space on cephalometric analysis. After exclusion of the tonsillar hypertrophy group, cephalometric analysis could be more effective for analyzing OSAS severity.

Effects of jaw movement in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on the upper airway: Computational fluid dynamics analysis

“…The 46 analyses of 23 cases demonstrated that V2 and CSA2 were related to SNB, consistent with the results of our OSA study 12 . The SNB is patient‐specific data indicating the current position of the mandible relative to the skull and can be measured before and after surgery.…”

“…Kita et al 5 and Yajima et al 6 were related to SNB, consistent with the results of our OSA study. 12 The SNB is patient-specific data indicating the current position of CFD is an analysis derived from CT that can analyse dynamic functions. In the future, it will be possible to predict postoperative…”

Correlations between Morphology, the Functional Properties of Upper Airways, and the Severity of Sleep Apnea

“…Cephalometry records the following variables: SNA, sella to nasion foe sagittal positioning of the maxillary; SNB, sella to nasion for the sagittal positioning of the mandible; PAS, posterior airway space; MPH, mandibular plane to hyoid bone [47][48][49][50].…”

Postoperative functional evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by computational fluid dynamics

“…In these diseases, it is important to find an anatomic stenosis site for diagnosis and treatment. As search methods for stenosis, analysis by macroscopic observation, endoscopic observation, cephalometric analysis [2][3][4][5][6][7], CT [8], and MRI [9] have been reported. However, these tests are for observing the resting state, and do not show the actual function and the airflow.…”