Evaluation of the role of surface pretreatments on the corrosion process. Correlation between conventional and electrochemical tests

Pérez, Miguel; Castellanos, J. Molina; Escrig, R. Izquierdo; Brugal, M. Puig; García-García, Carlos; Zapiraín, J. J. Gracenea; Suay, J.

doi:10.1002/maco.201609304

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the equivalent electrical model used, and the electrical elements that constitute it are listed below. This model of three time constants is widely used in porous coatings that allow the electrolyte to reach the coating/metal substrate interface, and as a consequence of this interaction, a passive layer is formed [ 45 ]. R coat (Coating Resistance) and CPE coat (Coating Capacitance Constant Phase Element) refer to coating-related processes occurring at high frequencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, R p (Polarization Resistance) and CPE dl (Double-Layer Capacitance Constant Phase Element) are processes localized at low frequencies, referred to as changes in the coating/substrate interface. While R p is associated with the polarization resistance of the interface between the outer layers and the metallic substrate, CPE dl refers to the uncoupling of the coating and the initiation of the corrosion process at the interface [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Antimicrobial Activity of Micron-Thin Sol–Gel Films Loaded with Linezolid and Cefoxitin for Local Prevention of Orthopedic Prosthesis-Related Infections

Toirac

Aguilera-Correa

Mediero

et al. 2023

Gels

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Orthopedic prosthesis-related infections (OPRI) are an essential health concern. OPRI prevention is a priority and a preferred option over dealing with poor prognosis and high-cost treatments. Micron-thin sol–gel films have been noted for a continuous and effective local delivery system. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of a novel hybrid organic–inorganic sol–gel coating developed from a mixture of organopolysiloxanes and organophosphite and loaded with different concentrations of linezolid and/or cefoxitin. The kinetics of degradation and antibiotics release from the coatings were measured. The inhibition of biofilm formation of the coatings against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli strains was studied, as well as the cell viability and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. The microbiological assays demonstrated that sol–gel coatings inhibited the biofilm formation of the evaluated Staphylococcus species; however, no inhibition of the E. coli strain was achieved. A synergistic effect of the coating loaded with both antibiotics was observed against S. aureus. The cell studies showed that the sol–gels did not compromise cell viability and proliferation. In conclusion, these coatings represent an innovative therapeutic strategy with potential clinical use to prevent staphylococcal OPRI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Activity of Micron-Thin Sol–Gel Films Loaded with Linezolid and Cefoxitin for Local Prevention of Orthopedic Prosthesis-Related Infections

Toirac

Aguilera-Correa

Mediero

et al. 2023

Gels

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show abstract

“…The peculiarity of the test lies in the use of cathodic polarization (CP) as a major stress factor allowing a strong acceleration of failure and the quantitative evaluation of both water uptake and coating adhesion, within a limited test time. Indeed, ACET has been reported as a successful method for studying the effect of cure temperature [1], phosphate and ZMP pigments [2,3] and surface pretreatments [4] on the protective properties of painted systems. Moreover, a good agreement with conventional accelerated tests was shown [2,5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Accelerated Cyclic Electrochemical Technique Compared to Conventional Industrial Testing Methods

Bahdanchyk¹,

Gasperini²,

Gronchi³

et al. 2021

Meet. Abstr.

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The Accelerated Cyclic Electrochemical Technique (ACET), which has been adopted as the ISO 17463 standard, has attracted great attention in industry as a promising tool for the rapid assessment of paints and organic coatings on metallic substrates. The protocol consists of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Relaxation Voltammetry (RV) to observe the gradual degradation of a coated sample. The peculiarity of the test lies in the use of cathodic polarization (CP) as a major stress factor allowing a strong acceleration of failure and the quantitative evaluation of both water uptake and coating adhesion, within a limited test time. Indeed, ACET has been reported as a successful method for studying the effect of cure temperature, phosphate and ZMP pigments and surface pretreatments on the protective properties of painted systems. Moreover, a good agreement with conventional accelerated tests was shown.In this work, we confirm that the results of ACET on water uptake correlate well with Humidostatic Chamber (HC) tests performed in accordance to ISO 6270. Conversely, some disagreement is observed with Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) test ISO 9227. As a matter of fact, ACET can reproduce coating performance in NSS only if electrolyte can reach the substrate and cathodic delamination occurs. Accordingly, we highlight that the main limitation of ACET is how quick electrolyte reaches the substrate, so that this technique fails to classify high thickness and/or high resistive coatings.In the attempt to overcome this intrinsic shortcoming of the test, we propose the modification of ACET by using a sample with a 2×1 mm crosscut (sACET, where s stands for scribed), i.e. with a similar approach as in the REAP (Rapid Electrochemical Assessment of Paint) test. Results are illustrated in Figure 1 for two different coated systems (S1 and S2) tested in the NSS chamber for 720 h and by sACET for 6 cycles (inset). The delaminated area around the scratch was measured as 37 and 18 cm2 in NSS, 3.41 and 2.80 cm2 in sACET for S1 and S2, respectively, with a similar trend of increase in both tests. EIS measurements in the sACET protocol allow to track the gradual increase of delaminated area by the variation of charge-transfer resistance (Rct ) before and after subsequent degradation steps as shown in Figure 1c. Therefore, whenever the regular ACET test fails or is not able to provide reliable results, we recommend that scratched samples be used for the assessment of both coating water adsorption and adhesion strength. Figure 1

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Evaluation of the role of surface pretreatments on the corrosion process. Correlation between conventional and electrochemical tests

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

The Antimicrobial Activity of Micron-Thin Sol–Gel Films Loaded with Linezolid and Cefoxitin for Local Prevention of Orthopedic Prosthesis-Related Infections

The Antimicrobial Activity of Micron-Thin Sol–Gel Films Loaded with Linezolid and Cefoxitin for Local Prevention of Orthopedic Prosthesis-Related Infections

Assessment of Accelerated Cyclic Electrochemical Technique Compared to Conventional Industrial Testing Methods

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