Evaluation of the risk of human exposure to thiamethoxam by extrapolation from a toxicokinetic experiment in rats and literature data

Yi, Lijin; Zhang, Shuai; Chen, Xuexia; Wang, Tao; Yi, Xiaolong; Yeerkenbieke, Gulijiazi; Shi, Sheng‐Cai; Lu, Xiaofan

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107823

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide used on the majority of agricultural crops worldwide (Yang et al 2021 ). TMX was one of the neonicotinoids most frequently found in fruits and vegetables (Yi et al 2023 ), with detection rates of 51% and 53% in studies done in Hangzhou (China) and the US Congressional Cafeteria, respectively (Lu et al 2018 ). According to a US Geological Survey investigation, THM was found in surface waters that were contaminated with neonicotinoids insecticides at a rate of 21% (Hladik and Kolpin 2016 ); TMX can cause fish to behave abnormally in response to environmental cues, which could have an impact on an ecosystem (Yang et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, hormonal, and histological alterations in the reproductive system of thiamethoxam-exposed female rats

El-Din

Ghareeb

El-Garawani

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The present study aimed to investigate the oral toxic effects of 1/10 LD50 and 1/5 LD50 of thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide, on the reproductive system of female Wistar rats. Thirty female rats were divided into three groups and supplied orally with either; saline solution, 1/10 LD50 of TMX (156 mg/kg) or 1/5 LD50 of TMX (312 mg/kg). The daily administration was extended for 30 days. Investigating the parameters of oxidative stress, hormonal levels, histopathological alterations, and the apoptotic markers (P53, BAX, BCL-2, and caspase-3) was performed in the uterus and ovary of rats. Results showed significant changes in the body weight gain, and relative weight of the left and right ovaries and uterus. Moreover, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (ED), and progesterone (PG) serum levels were not significantly altered following TMX oral administration. The level of follicle-stimulating hormone in the TMX-exposed group (156 mg/kg) was significantly increased; however, a significant decrease was observed in TMX-exposed animals (312 mg/kg). TMX induced significant oxidative stress in exposed groups by reducing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), and elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Following hematoxylin and eosin staining, the microscopic examination revealed deteriorated luteal cells with vacuolation in the corpus luteum, a follicle containing a degenerated oocyte and degeneration/necrosis of the circular muscle layer with a high rate of apoptotic cells in TMX-exposed animals. TMX induced transcriptional alterations in apoptosis-related genes shifting towards the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Collectively, results suggest the toxic effect of the TMX on the reproductive health of female Wistar rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, hormonal, and histological alterations in the reproductive system of thiamethoxam-exposed female rats

El-Din

Ghareeb

El-Garawani

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Thiamethoxam (TMX; 3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-ylidene (nitro) amine) is a representative second-generation neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticide with a broad activity spectrum and high target specificity against different types of insects, as well as a low risk to nontarget mammalian species (Liu et al 2018 ). TMX is a WHO class III carcinogen with the liver and kidney as its primary targets, and lifelong-fed mice have an increased incidence of liver tumors (Yi et al 2023 ). TMX, as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the nervous system, can cause neurological disorders and systemic neurotoxicity by disrupting synaptic transmission in the nervous system (Yang et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TMX, as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the nervous system, can cause neurological disorders and systemic neurotoxicity by disrupting synaptic transmission in the nervous system (Yang et al 2023 ). TMX can also bind to Ach receptors and reduce Ach-induced action potentials, causing changes in cholinergic-related behavioral and biochemical processes as well as increased anxiety in rats (Yi et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of l-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats

Abd Elkader,

Hussein,

Mohammed

et al. 2023

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Synthetic organic insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and others have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and are often toxic to humans. Thiamethoxam (TMX), a neonicotinoid insecticide , is a widely used insecticide with neurotoxic potential. l-Carnitine (LC) is regarded as the “gatekeeper” in charge of allowing long-chain fatty acids into cell mitochondria. LC is an endogenous chemical that is renowned for its prospective biological activity in addition to its role in energy metabolism. This study investigated the protective effects of LC against TMX-induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. For 28 days, animals were divided into four groups and treated daily with either LC (300 mg/kg), TMX (100 mg/kg), or both at the aforementioned doses. Our results revealed marked serum lipid profile and electrolyte changes, declines in brain antioxidants and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin levels) with elevations in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase brain activity in TMX-treated rats. TMX also increased the expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, pretreatment with LC attenuated TMX-induced brain injury by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines and modulating neurotransmitter levels. It also ameliorated the expression of apoptotic and astrogliosis markers. It could be concluded that LC has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrogliosis, and anti-apoptotic potential against TMX neurotoxicity. Graphical abstract

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Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis

Margaoan,

Papa,

Nicolescu

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Several factors, including environmental degradation, air pollution, intense urbanization, excessive agriculture, and climate change, endanger the well-being of animals and plants. One of the major issues with an increasingly negative impact is agricultural contamination with pesticides and antibiotics. Seed coatings with neonicotinoid insecticides used as a protective layer against pests are shown to exceed the permissible limits in most cases. Neonicotinoid compounds bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, therefore affecting the honey bees’ brain. Heavy metals in higher concentrations are lethal for honey bees, and the residue in bee products might pose a threat to human health. Highly effective acaricides used to treat Varroa destructor infestations in honey bee colonies have negative effects on honey bee reproduction, olfaction, and honey production. Furthermore, amitraz and fluvalinate are mostly found in the highest amounts and lead to decreased honey production and reduced colony reproduction, along with decreased learning ability and memory. However, scientific studies have shown that honey bees act as a reliable bio-indicator of environmental pollution. In response to the growing demand for bee products, the effects of adulteration and improper storage conditions have gotten worse and represent a new risk factor. In light of the shifting global economy, it is important to analyze consumer expectations and adjust manufacturing accordingly. By ensuring the manufacture of high-quality, traceable products devoid of drug residues, consumers will be better protected from subsequent health problems. This review’s objectives are based on the necessity of identifying the risks associated with honey bees and bee products. Graphical abstract

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Evaluation of the risk of human exposure to thiamethoxam by extrapolation from a toxicokinetic experiment in rats and literature data

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, hormonal, and histological alterations in the reproductive system of thiamethoxam-exposed female rats

Induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, hormonal, and histological alterations in the reproductive system of thiamethoxam-exposed female rats

The protective role of l-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats

Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis

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