Evaluation of the Resistance of<i>Chroococcidiopsis</i>spp. to Sparsely and Densely Ionizing Irradiation

Verseux, Cyprien; Baqué, Mickaël; Cifariello, Riccardo; Fagliarone, Claudia; Raguse, Marina; Moeller, Ralf; Billi, Daniela

doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1450

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The studied cyanobacteria were categorized as having low (LD 90 less than 4 kGy, e.g., Microcystis aeruginosa, Anacystis nidulans, and some species of Schizothrix calcicola), moderate (LD 90 4-12 kGy, e.g., Oscillatoria brevis, Anabaena variabilis, and Scytonema hoffmanni) and high (LD 90 more than 12 kGy, e.g., Pectonema boryanum, Lyngbya estuarii, Nostoc muscorum, and Microcoleus vaginatus) radioresistance [141]. Desert cyanobacteria of genus Chroococcidiopsis were able to tolerate high doses upto 11 kGy without any detectable damage to DNA and plasma membrane [146]. Two species of nitrogen-fixing Anabaena (A. torulosa and A. L-31) cultures were found to be highly tolerant to gamma rays [116].…”

Section: Radiotolerance In Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation and radiation stress tolerance in cyanobacteria

Singh

2018

J Basic Microbiol

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Cyanobacteria are among the oldest living organisms on this planet, existing since more than 3 billion years. They are ideal organisms for investigating biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, circadian rhythm, photoregulation of gene expression, developmental gene rearrangements, and specialized cell differentiation. They are nearly ubiquitous in distribution, have colonized a wide range of ecosystems including soil, air, dry rock, and aquatic systems, and even occupy extreme niches that are inaccessible to other organisms. Such wide ecological distribution reflects their capacity to acclimate to extreme environments. They show great adaptive abilities and have survived various adverse physiological growth conditions like desiccation, high temperatures, extreme pH, cold, osmosis, salt, light, nitrogen, and high salinity. Their ancient origin and surviving through numerous stresses during evolution indicates their remarkable capabilities to survive and prevail under different environmental and man-made stresses. It has been hypothesized that similar and overlap stress response mechanisms help them to survive different stresses. It has been stated that responses against stresses like radiation has been accidental-exhibited because of similar response against desiccation stress, which has prevailed more during evolution. These overlaps and similarities in stress responses have been instrumental in making these organisms a large class of biological entities today. Present review discuss about stress tolerance in cyanobacteria against two extreme stresses - desiccation and gamma radiation. It also discuss the commonality and underlying molecular mechanisms in these two stress responses.

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Section: Radiotolerance In Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation and radiation stress tolerance in cyanobacteria

Singh

2018

J Basic Microbiol

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“…The doses were selected in accordance with known data on the radiation resistance of bacteria [52,53], and the increased survivability of dried cultures [54,55]. Culturing from irradiated and control samples was performed, as described in Section 2.5.…”

Section: Irradiation Of Pure Bacterial Cultures With Gamma Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivability of Soil and Permafrost Microbial Communities after Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons under Simulated Martian and Open Space Conditions

et al. 2018

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Abstract:One of the prior current astrobiological tasks is revealing the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Earth. The aim of this research was to study the impact of accelerated electrons (~1 MeV) as component of space radiation on microbial communities in their natural habitat-the arid soil and ancient permafrost, and also on the pure bacterial cultures that were isolated from these ecotopes. The irradiation was carried out at low pressure (~0.01 Torr) and low temperature (−130 • C) to simulate the conditions of Mars or outer space. High doses of 10 kGy and 100 kGy were used to assess the effect of dose accumulation in inactive and hypometabolic cells, depending on environmental conditions under long-term irradiation estimated on a geological time scale. It was shown that irradiation with accelerated electrons in the applied doses did not sterilize native samples from Earth extreme habitats. The data obtained suggests that viable Earth-like microorganisms can be preserved in the anabiotic state for at least 1.3 and 20 million years in the regolith of modern Mars in the shallow subsurface layer and at a 5 m depth, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the possibility of maintaining terrestrial like life in the ice of Europa at a 10 cm depth for at least~170 years or for at least 400 thousand years in open space within meteorites. It is established that bacteria in natural habitat has a much higher resistance to in situ irradiation with accelerated electrons when compared to their stability in pure isolated cultures. Thanks to the protective properties of the heterophase environment and the interaction between microbial populations even radiosensitive microorganisms as members of the native microbial communities are able to withstand very high doses of ionizing radiation.

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“…Our results suggest that bacteria might indeed survive on Mars if shielded from UV, for instance by martian dust, since it is known that a few millimeters of soil is enough for UV protection (Mancinelli and Klovstad, 2000;Cockell and Raven, 2004). In view of the resistance of desert strain of Chroococcidiopsis to ionizing radiation (Billi et al, 2000;Verseux et al, 2017), the exposure in LEO to a total dose of 0.5 Gy of ionizing radiation did not affect biofilm survival. Hence, based on the dose of 76 mGy/year measured by the Curiosity rover at Gale Crater's surface (Hassler et al, 2013), dried biofilms would survive on Mars more than half a decade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Dried Biofilms of Desert Strains of Chroococcidiopsis Survived Prolonged Exposure to Space and Mars-like Conditions in Low Earth Orbit

et al. 2019

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Dried biofilms and dried multilayered planktonic counterparts obtained from three desert strains of Chroococcidiopsis were exposed to low Earth conditions by using the EXPOSE-R2 facility outside the International Space Station. During the space mission, samples in Tray 1 (space vacuum and solar radiation, from l & 110 nm) and Tray 2 (Mars-like UV flux, l > 200 nm and Mars-like atmosphere) received total UV (200-400 nm) fluences of about 4.58 · 10 2 kJ/m 2 and 4.92 · 10 2 kJ/m 2 , respectively, and 0.5 Gy of cosmic ionizing radiation. Postflight analyses were performed on 2.5-year-old samples due to the space mission duration, from launch to sample return to the lab. The occurrence of survivors was determined by evaluating cell division upon rehydration and damage to the genome and photosynthetic apparatus by polymerase chain reaction-stop assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy.Biofilms recovered better than their planktonic counterparts, accumulating less damage not only when exposed to UV radiation under space and Mars-like conditions but also when exposed in dark conditions to low Earth conditions and laboratory control conditions. This suggests that, despite the shielding provided by top-cell layers being sufficient for a certain degree of survival of the multilayered planktonic samples, the enhanced survival of biofilms was due to the presence of abundant extracellular polymeric substances and to additional features acquired upon drying.

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Evaluation of the Resistance ofChroococcidiopsisspp. to Sparsely and Densely Ionizing Irradiation

Cited by 48 publications

References 48 publications

Desiccation and radiation stress tolerance in cyanobacteria

Desiccation and radiation stress tolerance in cyanobacteria

Survivability of Soil and Permafrost Microbial Communities after Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons under Simulated Martian and Open Space Conditions

Dried Biofilms of Desert Strains of Chroococcidiopsis Survived Prolonged Exposure to Space and Mars-like Conditions in Low Earth Orbit

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