Evaluation of the repeatability of ultrasound scanning for detection of feline polycystic kidney disease

Abstract

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most prevalent inherited genetic disease in cats with Persian and Persian-related breeds predominantly affected. Diagnosis of PKD relied on ultrasound scanning until the recent development of the PKD gene test. However, gene testing has limitations as it will only identify the autosomal dominant form of PKD and not other forms of cystic kidney disease. Ultrasound scanning also has the advantage of being able to assess the severity and progression of disease in PKD affected cats. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the repeatability of ultrasound scanning in the detection of PKD and to assess progression of the disease over time. This study demonstrated 100% repeatability of ultrasound scanning in the detection of PKD and has also demonstrated progression of disease in 75% of PKD positive cats assessed over a 1-year period.

Urinary Tract

“…The internal echoes of a solid mass increase as the gain settings of the instrument are increased, and they possess much weaker distal wall echoes and acoustic enhancement than fluid-filled or complex masses. 30,31,54 We have also observed a solid, hyperechoic mass with renal hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Solid masses can contain small areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, or calcification, but the majority of the mass has a solid pattern (see Figure 16-12, A).…”

“…17,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Polycystic renal disease an autosomal dominant mutation, is the most common inherited renal disease of cats and prevalence in Persians is 37% to 49%. 54 While an accurate genetic test is available for the autosomal dominant genome, it cannot predict severity or progression of polycystic disease over time. [50][51][52][53] In a study evaluating repeatability and progression, of ultrasound scanning for feline polycystic disease, repeatability was 100% and signs of progression were seen during a 1-year period.…”

Bilateral multiple cystic kidney disease and renal cortical abscess in a Boerboel

“…Cysts can have internal echoes that can be related to haemorrhage or cellular debris, or might be artefactual due to a slice thickness artefact mimicking sediment in the cyst 14,30,35 . In humans complications such as infection and acute rupture of these cysts have been reported 3,9,13,15,16,20,[23][24][25]27,29,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] . To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous case reports that documents renal cyst infection in dogs with multiple-, solitary cystic kidney disease or PKD.…”

Doença renal policística autossômica dominante em felinos da raça Persa: aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, imagenológicos e genéticos

“…Estudos sobre a prevalência da DRPAD em gatos Persas já foram realizados nos Estados Unidos (DIBARTOLA, 2000), na Alemanha (KAPPE et al, 2005), na Austrália (BARRS et al, 2001;LAVELLE, 2001), no Reino Unido (CANNON et al, 2001;TASKER;HARLEY, 2007;WILLS et al, 2009), na França (BARTHEZ; RIVIER; BEGON, 2003), na Itália (BONAZZI et al, 2007;BONAZZI et al, 2009), na Eslovênia (DOMANJKO-PETRIC; CERNEC; COTMAN, 2008), e em Taiwan (LEE et al, 2010). No entanto, para as demais raças de gatos, principalmente em relação aos mestiços de Persas, esses dados são menos conhecidos e estudados (BARTHEZ; RIVIER; BEGON, 2003).…”

“…Nesse mesmo estudo, os autores demonstraram que apenas 0,5% de um total de 1527 felinos, De qualquer forma, a ultrassonografia ainda se revela a forma mais efetiva e prática como método de diagnóstico e triagem na população felina para a DRPAD. Além disso, quando realizada de forma seriada, tem a vantagem de ser capaz de estimar a gravidade e a progressão da doença em gatos afetados, com ou sem manifestações clínicas (WILLS et al, 2009). A caracterização dos cistos renais em felinos através de tomografia computadorizada recomenda o uso de contraste para melhor diferenciação entre as lesões e o parênquima renal.…”