Evaluation of the Remineralizing Effect of Theobromine and Fluoride Using Scanning Electron Microscope

Shawky, Rania; Khattab, Nagwa; yassa, Mina

doi:10.21608/edj.2020.52781.1402

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The labial surfaces were flattened and smoothed by sequential polishing with 600, 800, 1200 grit water proof silicon carbide paper 29 . Furthermore, each labial surface was coated with 4×4 mm adhesive tape, while the rest of surface was coated with double layers of acid-resistant nail varnish ensuring that only in that particular area all brushing techniques and analyses were carried out 31 .…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Remineralization of Early Human Enamel Carious Lesions With Different Commercially Available Herbal Nanohydroxyapatite Toothpastes: An in-Vitro Comparative Evaluation

El-Bedewy,

Zayed,

Hussein

2024

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Objectives: To compare the remineralizing capability of three readily available commercial herbal nanohydroxyapatite toothpastes on early human enamel carious lesions using a PH cycling model. Materials & Methods:Thirty-two caries-free extracted human maxillary central incisors were sectioned cervically about 2mm below cementoenamel junction. Carious-like lesions were induced by immersing the crowns of the samples in acidified gel for 7 days. Samples were then divided into 4 groups (8 samples each); in group I, samples were brushed with BOKA Ela Mint toothpaste, in group II, they were brushed with BOKA Coco Ginger toothpaste, in group III, samples were brushed with BOKA Lemon Lavender toothpaste, and in group IV (control) samples were stored in artificial saliva. The brushing time was 2 minutes twice daily. Using artificial saliva, a pH cycling model was used to simulate remineralization for 45 days. The enamel surfaces of samples were subjected to surface microhardness (SMH) test with a Vickers hardness tester, and the average Ca level was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The measurements were done before and after demineralization, and after remineralization. One-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and paired T-test (P<0.05) were used for analyzing the data.Results: All treatments effectively remineralized the early human enamel carious lesions. BOKA Ela Mint toothpaste showed the maximum increase in SMH and Ca level deposition, while BOKA Lemon Lavender toothpaste showed the lowest. Conclusion:Nanohydroxyapatite toothpastes may be the optimal for bio mimetic remineralization of early human enamel carious lesions.

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Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples in groups I, II, and III were brushed twice daily/45 days with gentle-rounded bristles of electric toothbrushes from Oral B. Each brushing period was lasted for 2 minutes 31,33 .…”

Section: Samples Grouping and Brushing Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Remineralization of Early Human Enamel Carious Lesions With Different Commercially Available Herbal Nanohydroxyapatite Toothpastes: An in-Vitro Comparative Evaluation

El-Bedewy,

Zayed,

Hussein

2024

Egyptian Dental Journal

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“…The microhardness test was conducted using theobromine [34]. An in vitro study confirmed that theobromine increased the microhardness of the enamel [35][36][37].…”

Section: Microhardness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a recent in vitro study indicated that theobromine is an effective cariostatic agent and a safe alternative to fluoride in preventive dental care [36,49]. The theobromine group is superior compared to the fluoride group in each parameter studied.…”

Section: Preventive Effect Of Dental Caries By Theobrominementioning

confidence: 99%

The Contrasting Effects between Caffeine and Theobromine on Crystallization: How the Non-fluoride Dentifrice Was Developed

Nakamoto¹,

Falster²,

Simmons³

2022

Dentistry

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Caffeine and theobromine are members of the xanthine family. Coffee and soft drinks contain caffeine, whereas, in cacao, theobromine is the main ingredient. The mineral contents of the tooth which sucked the caffeine-containing dam’s milk were decreased. To determine if caffeine would affect enamel, dams were fed with a caffeine and pups were killed and first and second molars were extracted. Enamel was exposed to the acid solution and dissolved minerals from the enamel were measured. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from the first molars of the caffeine group were significantly dissolved. To determine why minerals were released, enamel was separated. The crystallite size of the enamel from the caffeine group showed decreased. If the pups with the same dietary regimen, but given a cariogenic diet, the caffeine group should show a higher incidence of dental caries. The caffeine group revealed higher caries scores. An in vitro experiment to grow apatite crystals was conducted, adding the various members of the xanthine. Theobromine produced larger crystal sizes than caffeine. Theobromine was added to the maternal diet. Dissolution experiments revealed that these minerals were far less dissolved. Comparative studies of the various parameters between theobromine and fluoride were conducted. Theobromine was superior to fluoride in every aspect.

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Evaluation of the Remineralizing Effect of Theobromine and Fluoride Using Scanning Electron Microscope

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Biomimetic Remineralization of Early Human Enamel Carious Lesions With Different Commercially Available Herbal Nanohydroxyapatite Toothpastes: An in-Vitro Comparative Evaluation

Biomimetic Remineralization of Early Human Enamel Carious Lesions With Different Commercially Available Herbal Nanohydroxyapatite Toothpastes: An in-Vitro Comparative Evaluation

The Contrasting Effects between Caffeine and Theobromine on Crystallization: How the Non-fluoride Dentifrice Was Developed

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