Evaluation of the relationship of treatment and vaccination with prognosis in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract

Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide and caused mortality. Many factors have been reported to affect the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of drug therapy and vaccination on prognosis in patients hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods In this single-center, cross-sectional study, data were retrospectively collected from patients receiving inpatient treatment at a university hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and April 30, 2022. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. The Chi-square, Cox and logistic regression was performed, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Total 1723 patients (50.1% were men, mean age: 60.6 ± 16.90) who had not been vaccinated rate was 27.0% (> 3 doses: 45.7%). Mortality rate was 17.0%. Increasing age, male, a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and no vaccination significantly increased mortality (P < 0.05). The mortality rate was significantly lower in the chloroquine treatment group than in the other treatment groups. Increasing age, male, and a high CCI were determined to be factors that significantly increased the length of hospital stay (LOHS). LOHS found to be significantly lower in the favipiravir or chloroquine groups compared to the remaining treatment groups (P < 0.001). Both mortality and the LOHS significantly differed according to AST, d-dimer, ferritin, and GFR. Conclusion This study primarily investigated the effect of treatment and vaccination on the prognosis of COVID-19. This was determined to be prepared for another potential pandemic that may arise due to COVID-19.