Evaluation of the relationship between allergic diseases in school children at Seoul's roadside elementary schools and air pollution

Lee, ChungSoo; Kim, Ho-Hyun; Lim, Young-Wook; Yang, Ji-Yeon; Yu, Seung-Do; Lee, Jungsub; Chang, Jun-Young; Son, Hyoju; Shin, Dong Chun

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2015.05.006

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The highest percent was in the age group of ˃ 12-14 years (81, 32.8 %) in urban while it was (34, 42%) in rural. The highest percent of children afflicted with allergic conjunctivitis were in males as followings urban (136 , 65.3% ) and rural ( 45, 53.1%) In spite of the increasing percent of allergic conjunctivitis with increasing ages and in male children in both urban and rural cases, It is noted here that the differences in the distribution of allergic conjunctivitis in both different age ranges and gender were not significant (p ≥ 0.05) .In Table (7), the frequency of the major symptoms and signs of allergic conjunctivitis is illustrated; students suffered multiple symptoms. Itching was the most frequent symptom which was complained by all urban and rural school children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The ocular signs hinged on the presence of at least two of these: papillae, redness, brownish limbal hyperpigmentation, visible limbal spots and chemises [15]. The Kurdish & Arabic versions of ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood [7][8] questionnaire were prepared and distributed and collected through each daycare center. Parents filled out the ISAAC questionnaire at home and returned it within few days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous US state health departments order students to be cured with local antibiotic eye drops preceding the resumption back to school regardless of the potential & implicit reason of conjunctivitis [4] [6]. Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is defined as inflammation of the conjunctiva induced by allergy [7]. AC comprises a series of events which starts when the conjunctiva displays an antigen-specific response with Th-2 upon contact with an allergen, liberating cytokines and yielding IgE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgE then binds to mast cells which break down; generating histamines, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor, more cytokines and other intermediaries. The signs and symptoms of AC result from the activation of inflammatory cells by these intermediaries [7] [8]. For example, when histamine links to H1 receptors on nerve endings, it gives rise to itching; while in case of attachment to H 2 receptors located on blood vessels in the conjunctiva, the consequence will be vasodilation and lacrimation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conjunctivitis among Rural and Urban School Children in Erbil Governorate/ Iraq

Agha¹

2020

DJM

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Background:In children conjunctivitis is the most widespread ocular surface disease. It is referred to any inflammatory condition of the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis was the most common associated comorbidities that had an influence on the health of children. Objective: To compare the prevalence of allergic and infective conjunctivitis among school children in the rural & urban Regions of Erbil Governorate / Iraq. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from the 1st Sep 2018end of May 2019 in primary schools in the rural area of Makhmur district and urban districts in Erbil Governorate .From every suspected case of clinically conjunctivitis, a sample for bacterial culture was gained by winding a thin cotton micro swab moistened in brain heart infusion broth over the lower fornix of the conjunctival sac.After culturing on blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agars, the colonies were specified and identified by using Gram staining technique, morphological, biochemical & Analytical Profile Index (API) tests.Allergic conjunctivitis was diagnosed clinically. The Kurdish & Arabic versions of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire were used. MS excel package and SPSS 20 software was used for analysis. Results: The total numbers of urban and rural School children who had shared in this study were 1129 and 1093 respectively. The prevalence of infective conjunctivitis in both urban & rural children was as such: 127(11.2%) & 211(19.3%).The rates of positive culture in both were: urban 69, 54.3%; rural 143, 67.8 %( p≤ 0.01). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated, urban: 37(53.6%) rural: 79(55.2%).Infective conjunctivitis was distributed significantly in young ages and in male students (p≤0.05).Regarding allergic conjunctivitis: the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis were: urban 247(21.9%), rural 81(7.4%).Allergic conjunctivitis was more distributed in older ages and male children, but this was not-significant .itching was complained by all student. Conclusion: Infectious conjunctivitis among rural school children is still a major public health problem. While higher percentage of allergic conjunctivitis among urban school children was noted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conjunctivitis among Rural and Urban School Children in Erbil Governorate/ Iraq

Agha¹

2020

DJM

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“…Traffic related air pollution is harmful to the development of children’s nervous system, causing neurodegeneration, neuro-inflammation, and problems connected to cognition [15,16,17]. Many other problems such as allergy and autism spectrum disorders have been found to be associated with traffic air pollution [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Vehicle Speed Limits and Fleet Composition on Air Quality Near a School

Tang

McNabola

Misstear

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Traffic is a major source of urban air pollution that affects health, especially among children. As lower speed limits are commonly applied near schools in many cities, and different governments have different policies on vehicle fleet composition, this research estimated how different speed limits and fleet emissions affect air quality near a primary school. Based on data of traffic, weather, and background air quality records in Dublin from 2013, traffic, emission, and dispersion models were developed to assess the impact of different speed limits and fleet composition changes against current conditions. Outside the school, hypothetical speed limit changes from 30 km/h to 50 km/h could reduce the concentration of NO2 and PM10 by 3% and 2%; shifts in the fleet from diesel to petrol vehicles could reduce these pollutants by 4% and 3% but would increase the traffic-induced concentrations of CO and Benzene by 63% and 35%. These changes had significantly larger impacts on air quality on streets with higher pollutant concentrations. Findings suggest that both road safety and air quality should be considered when determining speed limits. Furthermore, fleet composition has different impacts on different pollutants and there are no clear benefits associated with incentivising either diesel or petrol engine vehicles.

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